1. Warm-up Questions What do you think defines a drink?
What is the difference between
Binge-Drinking and Chronic Drinking
Do you feel it is Dangerous to mix alcohol with caffeinated beverages?
Why or Why Not

2. Talking of Alcohol and Teens
First, the law is 21 for legal drinking age.
I will not give license to under age drinking.
I do want you aware of the ramifications of your choices.

3. Alcohol: Effects on the Body and Behavior3

4. Blood Alcohol Level: What’s It All About?(6)
Blood alcohol level (BAL) depends on:
Weight
Amount of food and water in
stomach
Carbonated alcoholic beverages
Gender
Now that we know the effects of alcohol on our brain and body, how is alcohol measured in the body?
Blood alcohol level or concentration is associated with the rate at which alcohol is metabolized by the liver. The higher the alcohol level in the blood, the more intoxicated a person will be. As the liver removes the alcohol from the blood and processes it, the blood alcohol level will drop. Here are some factors that effect BAL:
Weight: The larger a person, the lower the blood alcohol level will be for a given amount of alcohol consumed.
Amount of food and water in the stomach: Food will slow the absorption of the alcohol into the blood stream, resulting in a lower blood alcohol level.
Carbonated alcoholic beverages: Carbonation speeds up the absorption of alcohol into the blood stream.
Gender: Females tend to be smaller than males and also have a higher fat concentration in body tissues. More fat means less water. Alcohol is soluble in water, so in males the alcohol is more evenly distributed throughout the body creating a lower blood alcohol level. A woman will have a higher blood alcohol level after consuming the same amount of alcohol.
Graphic Reference:
Cool Archive-Free Clipart, Fonts, Icons [online] [cited 4 July 2005] Available online at URL: 4

5. Blood Alcohol Level Calculations(7)
BAL = (150/body weight) x (%alcohol/50)
x (ounces consumed) x (0.025)
There are several factors involved in calculating blood alcohol levels. First, you need to know the weight of the individual in pounds. You also need to know the percent of alcohol. This can be found on the bottle as proof. If the proof is 100, then the percent is 50. If it is 80 proof, the percent is 40. Beer has an alcohol content of 3-6%, wine 9-14%, and hard liquor greater than 14%.
Finally you need to know the ounces consumed. In most cases, the Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) is expressed without units in a form like the following: "the driver has a BAC of 0.18 at the time of the accident." This really means that the driver had 0.18 grams of ethanol per 100 milliliters of blood. Remember that this is grams of the actual chemical ethyl alcohol, not grams of actual beverage.
Graphic Reference:
Cool Archive-Free Clipart, Fonts, Icons [online] [cited 4 July 2005] Available online at URL: 5

6. Blood Alcohol Level Example
175 pound man drinks four 12-ounce
cans of beer with 4% alcohol content
BAL = (150/175) x (4/50) x (48) x (0.025)
=.86 x .08 x 48 x .025
= .08%
Basically, there are lots of numbers but this is an easy calculation to do. For example, if a 175 pound man drinks four 12 ounce cans of beer, what will his blood alcohol level be?
First we take 150 divided by his weight in pounds, which is We multiply by the percent alcohol found in beer divided by 50. As noted before, most beers range from 3-6%. This particular beer was 4%. Next multiply by the ounces consumed. Four cans multiplied by 12 ounces is 48. And finally multiply by This gives him a total blood alcohol level of .08% which means that he currently has .08 grams of ethyl alcohol per 100 mL of blood circulating through his body and his brain.
So at what level do we start to see the short term effects? 6

7. Calculate your own Take your weight
Use 5 drinks for male and 4 for female (drinks are 12oz with 4% Alcohol)
BAL = (150/body weight) x (%alcohol/50)
x (ounces consumed) x (0.025)

8. 8

9. 9

10. A Drink Defined

11. Blood Alcohol Levels: So What?(8)
BAL = 0.02 to 0.03 (Slight Euphoria)
Self-confident/daring
Short attention span
Loss of shyness
Fine motor skills impaired 11

12. Blood Alcohol Levels(8)
BAL = 0.04 to 0.06 (Euphoria)
Relaxation
Lower inhibitions
Minor impairment of reasoning and memory
Lowering of caution 12

13. Blood Alcohol Levels(8)
BAL = 0.07 to 0.09 (Euphoria)
Slight impairment of balance, speech
Impairment of reaction time and hearing
Minor impairment of reasoning and memory
Lowering of caution
0.08 DWI 13

14. 14

15. 15

16. Blood Alcohol Levels(8)
BAL = 0.09 (Euphoria)
At the upper edge of euphoria, around 0.09, the drinker heads into a stage known as excitement.
The stage name does not support the characteristics since the drinker becomes sleepy and slow.
Reaction time is decreased, which could make driving or operating machinery a hazard. 16

17. Blood Alcohol Levels(8)
BAL = 0.10 to 0.125
Significant impairment of motor coordination
Greater impairment of reaction time and hearing
Speech will begin to be slurred
Balance will begin to be impaired 17

18. Blood Alcohol Levels(8)
BAL = 0.15 to 0.19 (Transition)
Gross motor impairment
Lack of physical control
Blurred vision
Major loss of balance
Euphoria is reducing and Dysphoria is beginning to appear
Dysphoria is a state of unease or generalized dissatisfaction with life. Some people will begin a rant about life, politics or religion 18

19. 19

20. 20

21. Blood Alcohol Levels(8)
Note - BAL = 0.18 (Transition)
At the upper edge of excitement, at around 0.18, the drinker may become confused and highly emotional.
Slurred speech is a common characteristic at this level.
They continue to be sleepy and uncoordinated and might not feel pain as easily. 21

22. Blood Alcohol Levels(8)
BAL = 0.16 to 0.20 (Confusion)
*Dysphoria predominates
Confused/dizzy
Nausea and may vomit
The drinker has the appearance of a “sloppy drunk”
*Dysphoria definition, a state of dissatisfaction, anxiety, restlessness, or fidgeting.
1st Hour start here to review. 22

23. Blood Alcohol Levels(8)
BAL = 0.25 to 0.40 (Stupor)
Can barely move at all
Cannot respond to stimuli
Cannot stand or walk on their own
Vomiting
Lapse in and out of consciousness
Death has occurred at 0.25 and is considered a medical emergency
Moving up the blood alcohol ladder leads to stupor. At this point, the drinker basically cannot perform normally and could become ill and even pass out.(8) 23

24. 24

25. 25

26. Blood Alcohol Levels(8)
BAL = 0.35 to 0.50 (Coma)
Unconscious/onset of coma
Reflexes depressed
Decreased body temperature
Decreased breathing rate
Decreased heart rate
Possible death due to respiratory arrest
The last level is known as alcohol poisoning and could lead to death. The alcohol affects the brain stem, as well as other basic body functions. Breathing, heart rate, and body temperature might not be regulated, which could lead to a coma.(8) 26

27. Blood Alcohol Levels(8)
BAL = Greater than 0.50 (Death)
Breathing stops
At blood alcohol levels greater than 0.50, death occurs.(8)
Since most students associate blood alcohol levels with drinking and driving, this is a good time to introduce some blood alcohol limits regulated by law. 27

28. Drinking is a Personal Choice but Who Else is Affected?
Friends and family
Strangers
Unborn babies –
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Drinking may be a personal choice, but it affects more than just you.
For example strangers may be affected through accidents.
Statistics from the US Department of Transportation include:
Alcohol was involved in 39% of fatal crashes in 1997.
About 3 in every 10 Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related crash in their lifetime.
In 1997, the highest rates for fatal crashes while intoxicated involved persons years of age.
One third of all pedestrians 16 years or older killed in traffic crashes in 1997 were intoxicated.(6)
Drinking lowers inhibitions and increases risky behavior. Teens might engage in unprotected sex while under the influence, which could lead to unplanned pregnancy. If a woman drinks while pregnant, it could lead to fetal alcohol syndrome.
Graphic Reference:
Microsoft Office Clipart [cited 23 June, 2005]. 28

29. Discussion
What are some unseen consequences that happen due to drinking?
Be ready to Share

30. Jacqueline Sabunido’s Story

31. Unseen consequences of Alcohol Use
Suicide and death — nearly half of all teen suicides each year and more than half of adolescent deaths in Minnesota involve alcohol.
Traffic crashes, injuries and deaths — one-third of all traffic fatalities among 16 to 19-year olds are caused by drinking and driving.

32. Unseen consequences of Alcohol Use
Violence, sexual assaults and date rape — drinkers are more prone to injuries due to violence; and two-thirds of sexual assaults and date rapes among teens and college students are alcohol related.
Withdrawal, depression and emotional/psychological difficulties.

33. Unseen consequences of Alcohol Use
School delinquency, failure and dropout.
Alcohol dependence — those who begin drinking at age 15 are four times more likely than those who begin at age 21 to develop alcohol dependence.

34. Unseen consequences of Alcohol Use
A DWI offense can result in one year in jail, $3,000 fine, loss of driving privileges, legal costs and increased insurance rates. A DWI stays on a person’s record for a minimum of 15 years.
A citation for underage drinking and driving (less than .08) can cost $700 and/or 90 days in jail, result in loss of driving privileges for 30 days, and remain on a person’s record for 15 years. A second violation will result in loss of driving privileges for 180 days.
Trying to purchase alcohol with a fake ID can result in loss of driving privileges for at least 90 days and a fine.

35. Drinking and Driving Categories in the U.S.
OVI = Operating a Vehicle while Intoxicated
OMVI = Operating a Motor Vehicle while Impaired
DUI = Driving Under the Influence
DUII = Driving Under the Influence of Intoxicants
DUII-CS = Driving Under the Influence of Intoxicants: Controlled Substances
OWI = Operating While Intoxicated
DWI = Driving While Intoxicated
OUI = Operating Under the Influence of intoxicating liquor
DWAI = Driving While Ability Impaired
ADWI = Aggravated Driving While Intoxicated
One area regulated by law is the blood alcohol driving limit.
Currently, half of the states in the US have 0.08 BAL and the other half have 0.10 BAL. This level of intoxication relates to the blood alcohol level of the driver.(6)
If the driver’s blood alcohol level tests at 0.08 in some states, then the driver is considered legally intoxicated and can be cited with a DUI (Driving Under the Influence). In other states, blood alcohol levels of 0.10 define whether the driver is legally intoxicated or not.
Graphic Reference:
Microsoft Office Clipart [cited 23 June, 2005]. 35

36. Looking Back (cont.) What affects Blood alcohol levels?
Drinking is a personal choice, but how
can it affect those around you?
Alcohol is measured using a calculation known as blood alcohol levels, which measures the percent alcohol present in the blood stream. Blood alcohol levels are affected by several factors and are associated with certain behaviors and characteristics. Drinking is a personal choice, but now it will be an informed choice. 36