1. Alcohols and Phenols by SHITTU T. O
          Alcohols and Phenols by SHITTU T.O.is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Alcohols and Phenols

2. Intended Learning Outcomes
Draw structures and assign names for alcohols, phenols & diols
Predict relative boiling points, acidities, and solubilities of alcohols.
Show how to convert alkenes, alkyl halides, and carbonyl compounds to alcohols.
Use Grignard and organolithium reagents for the synthesis of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols with the needed carbon skeletons.

3. Alcohols are organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups
Phenols are compounds with hydroxyl group directly attached to aromatic ring.
Alcohols can be classified into primary (1o), secondary (2o) and tertiary (3o), depending on the carbinol carbon atom.

4. Nomenclature
Name the following compounds:

5. Priority of functional groups in naming organic compounds

6. The alcohol functional group takes precedence over double and triple bonds, so the chain is numbered in order to give the lowest possible number to the carbon atom bonded to the hydroxyl group

7. However, carbonyl functional group takes precedence over hydroxyl functional group

8. Physical Properties
Boiling point
Solubility

9. Acidity of alcohols and phenols
Alcohols are weakly acidic.
Structure (inductive effect) affects acidity of alcohols.

11. Group Presentation TOPIC:
Commercial production and reactions of alcohols
to be presented on Thursday

12. Phenols are more acidic than alcohols due to resonance stability of the phenoxide ion.
Cannonical structures of phenoxide ion

13. Laboratory synthesis of alcohols
1. From alkenes
Acid-catalysed hydration
Hydroboration-oxidation

14. 1c. Dihydroxylation: synthesis of 1,2-diols from alkenes

15. Synthesis of alcohols cont’d
2. Addition of organometallic reagents to carbonyl compounds

16. Reactions of Grignard reagents with carbonyl compounds

17. Synthesis of alcohols cont’d
          Alcohols and Phenols by SHITTU T.O.is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Synthesis of alcohols cont’d
3. Reduction of carbonyl compounds
4. catalytic hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes.