1. IMPERIALISM

2. Looking Back - Review
What is required for nation to industrialize? 1 – Factors of Production (land, labor, entrepreneurs) 2 – Political Stability 3 – Transportation network 4 – Trading Markets
What is the incentive for a nation to industrialize? 1 – WEALTH 2- Power & Nationalism 3 – Spreading of culture

3. Industrial Revolution
CAUSES: Agricultural Revolution Increased demand for goods New inventions
DEFINITION: Age of increased output of machine-made goods
WHERE: England Then around Europe United States (Beginning in New England)

4. WHO: England Italy France Germany USA Portugal Belgium
IMPERIALISM
DEFINITION: Empire building by colonization - dominating another nation politically, economically, socially
CAUSES: Ambition Industrial Revolution Nationalism
WHO: England Italy France Germany USA Portugal Belgium

5. IMPERIALISM –Why INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Nations did not have enough resources in their own countries
Industrial nations made so much extra stuff they needed new markets to sell in
Becomes a global competition for colonies
There was also heated rivalries between countries

6. IMPERIALISM –Why NATIONALISM More colonies = more power!
Extreme sense of pride in own country led people to want to colonize
i.e. - doing people a “favor” by making them more British

7. IMPERIALISM – Main Idea
Technological superiority allowed Europe to dominate non-developed areas and establish global empires

8. IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA
By 1914 African continent almost entirely controlled by European imperial powers
Took control of economy, society, government of the conquered peoples
How?

9. WHITE MAN’S BURDEN
Westerners viewed anyone with different cultures/religion as “uncivilized/backward”
Felt it was their duty to bring “civilization” to these “backwards” people
Used to justify colonization
Mission – spread Christianity and western culture

10. SOCIAL DARWINISM

11. African Interior – 1st Explorers
Christian missionaries were the first Europeans to “explore” the interior of Africa
Belgium sent representatives to negotiate contracts with African tribal chiefs
Contracts were in English
Those who refused were shot
Chiefs forced to give up their land

12. SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA

13. African Lands become colonies
The Berlin Conference in
Used to prevent fighting b/w countries
Each nation claimed lands by notifying other nations of their claims and showing they could control the area.
No African rulers were present
Everybody thought European goods would be sold in mass quantities
WRONG!! Had to establish cash crops for resources and use of mineral resources  Belgian Congo with copper and tin

14. African Resistance Tried different types of resistance
Ally with Europeans to defeat rivals and stay independent  FAILED, b/c Europeans would turn on African allies
Fight the Europeans head-on  FAILED (with exception of Ethiopia)
Unsuccessful movements
The Maji-Maji movement against Germany
Spiritual defense of magic water (maji-maji) sprinkled on their bodies would turn the Germans’ bullets to water.
Mowed down by the thousands (Over 26,000).

15. Ethiopia Survives Due to one man – Menelik II
Successfully played Italians, French, and British against each other
Built up arsenal thanks to France and Russia
About to sign with Italy – sees differences b/w the wording in Italian and Amharic
Thought he was only giving a piece of Ethiopia, but in Italian it said they were getting ALL of Ethiopia
Menelik declares WAR!!!  battle of Adowa a resounding victory for Ethiopians and they stay independent!!

16. Egypt tries Reform
Muhammad Ali takes over Egypt and breaks away from the Ottomans
New reforms of growing cotton not food crops to keep in favor with European powers
Isma’il, Ali’s grandson, supported the construction of the Suez Canal
Egypt could not pay back European bankers its $450 million debt
Britain insisted on overseeing financial control and occupied Egypt in 1882
The Suez Canal became known as the “Lifeline of the Empire” because it allowed the British to have quicker access to Africa and Asia

17. EFFECTS ON AFRICA Created problems between African tribes
Forced ethnic groups who would not normally live together into same nation
Destroyed African culture
Introduced segregation based on color
Africa has yet to recover
Still plagued with instability, violence, etc.