1. Final Revision Notes-Grade10

2. Mobile Telephones Mobile phones uses Radio Waves.
Voice signals are transmitted through Antennas.
Mobile phones are called “Cell Phones” , Why?
The geographic area which an individual tower can provide signal to a phone is called a cell.

3. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)
GSM technology is the technology that you (most probably) and 80% of mobile users use for making calls and sending simple messages on their mobile phones
GSM

4. 3G (3rd Generation )/4G/4GLTE
They refer to enhanced technologies in phone networks. Which mostly to connect the phone to the internet or other IP networks in order to make voice and video calls, to download and upload data, and to surf the web.

5. GPS (Global Positioning System)
Uses satellite to transmit signals that cover the globe . Smart phones can receive these signals and calculate phone’s location within 10m.
GPS perform faster and can provide positioning when signals are weak or not available.

6. WiFi - (Wireless Fidelity)
It is a wireless network technology that allows phones to be connected to a LAN and to the Internet without wires and cables.
Limitations
WiFi offers a connection radius of only some dozens of feet. Beyond meters, you are simply out of the network.
WiFi Hotspot
A WiFi hotspot is the area around a WiFi source (Router / Wifi Antenna).

7. Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data (voice and data) over short distances.
It is used to replace wires connectivity for accessories such as speakers, headphones and microphones.

8. NFC
Near Field Communications –NFC. Wireless communication technology it enables data to be exchanged by devices that are very close to each other (within few centimeters)

9. Book Activity - P52 5 4 1 2 3

10. Networking Components
Hosts (any device that can send and receive traffic r messages over the network) or end user devices (PCs – Phones – Printers- Cameras)
Networking devices (hubs, switches, routers)
Network media/medium (wired – wireless –radio frequency)

11. Networking Components
Ethernet cable is the technology used in LAN and developed by Xerox.
Network Interface Card NIC: a hardware that is installed on each end device to connect it to a network.
Each Ethernet has a unique address embedded on the(NIC) which is known as Media Access Control (MAC) Address.

12. Connecting end user devices
IP address – identifies the host on the network
Subnet mask – identifies the network on which the host is connected
Default gateway - identifies the networking device that the host uses to access the internetS
Command used to configure the IP
ipconfig
Command used to check the communication between network devices
ping ipaddress

13. Manual and Dynamic IP configuration
Inserted manually by network administrator
Static –never changed unless admin logins and changes it.
Dynamic
Located automatically by DHCP server
Changeable

14. Network Topology
Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a communication network.
There are two types of topologies:
Physical and logical topologies

15. Shows relevant network configuration information
Physical Topology
It records where each host is located and how it is connected to the network
Logical Topology
Shows relevant network configuration information

17. IP Address – Internet Protocol
A numeric address
Works as identifier for a computer or a device on a network
Every device has an IP Address for communication purposes.
Consist of 2 parts:
network address + host address (last part)
Two types of IP addresses IPv4 and IPv6

18. What is IP V4
It’s a current version and most common ,32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods (.)
Each group of numbers in the IPv4 is called an Octet and each octet is 0-255
It can produce around 4 billion unique address

19. How Ipv-4 Works Computer and network don’t read the numeric format
It can understand only the binary format (0,1)
IPv4 consist of 4 sets of 8-bits
Each set is called an octet
The octet chart is represented as follows:

20. 66 . 94 . 29 . 13 Decimal to Binary Conversion 1 1 66 94 29 13 128 6432 16 8 4 2 1 1 1 66 1 94 29 13

21. 192. 168. 1 . 5 Binary to Decimal Conversion 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 192
192
168 1 5

22. IPv6 Next generation that will accommodate more IP addresses
128-bit hexadecimal address
Hexadecimal uses both numbers and alphabets.
It can produce over 340 undecillion address (a cardinal number represented in the U.S. by 1 followed by 36 zeros, and in Britain by 1 followed by 66 zeros. )

23. Networks and Hosts
Networks Address
Host Address
Networks needs to know which part is network address and which one is for the host.
Subnet Mask do this job.
Subnet mask is 32 bit long .

24. Public and Private IP addresses
There are two types of IP addresses : Public and Private
Public Addresses are addresses which are globally set from your ISP (like Etisalat or Du)
Can be checked using website
Private Addresses are addresses which are set by DHCP server.
At home if you have many devices connected to the router. Your router will be assigned a public IP address and each device connected to the router via cable or Wi-Fi will get a private IP address from the router.

25. Public and Private IPv4 addresses
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the organization responsible for registering IP address ranges to organizations and (ISPs).
To allow organizations to freely assign private IP addresses, the Network Information Center (InterNIC) has reserved certain address blocks for private use.
The following IP blocks are reserved for private IP addresses.

26. How client and severs interact
One of the most common way to organize LAN is Client/Server Topology in which many clients will be connected to one end source.
A server : is a high end computer running software application (web server) that provides services for the other hosts connected to the network
Services includes:
Logins and security
File and printer sharing
Security and management
Internet access
Web sites and services
Downloading of applications and music

27. How client and severs interact
There are different types of servers providing the different services
Types of Servers
Prepared By: Shamsa Alhassouni

28. Request a website : www.google.ae Clients running web browser software
Request web page
Request a website :
Server responds carrying a Function: sending the requested document back to the client
Clients running web browser software

29. Request web page
Server Farm
A web server : is usually in a part of the network with other servers called a server farm, or within a data center.
A data center can take up one room or more floors, or an entire building. Data centers very expensive to build and keep. For this reason, only large organizations use privately built data centers to house their data and provide services to users

30. Serving up web pages when requesting a web page
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) identifies the following:
Protocol used (HTTP)
Domain name
Location of the resource on the server.
Protocol
Domain Name
Folder Name
File Name
Prepared By: Shamsa Alhassouni

31. Domain Name Service
DNS : is a protocol for how computers exchange data on the internet and private networks
This is known as the TCP/IP protocol suite.
Its main job is to turn the domain name into IP address , its like a phone book.
Prepared By: Shamsa Alhassouni

32. What happens when using a domain name

33. Book Activity P-190 1 2 4 3