1. PRESENTATION COVERS Past/Present Power Scenario Issues involved
Economic aspects
Operational (Technical) aspects
Network development in Southern Region

2. REFERENCES
Quality Supply Customer requirements CGIRE working group (June 2001)
Methods and Tools for costing Ancillary Services CGIRE Task force (June2001)
FERC Rule 888 and 889
Open Access transmission tariff sierra pacific(Sierra pacific Web Site)
Distribution Policy Committee report MOP March 2002
National transmission Grid study US dept of energy may 2002
Reliability management and over sight Brendan kibru, Erichisst oak ridge NATION LAB, TENNESEE
Sixteenth Electric Power Supply of India
Various orders of CERC

3. MISSION OF POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERS
To provide Reliable, Stable and Secured Power supply to the end user with Least possible cost

4. ........ELECTRICITY IS A COMMODITY UNLIKE OTHERS
ECONOMIC ISSUES
THE UNIQUE NATURE OF ELECTRICITY:
PRODUCED AND CONSUMED SIMULTANEOUSLY
UNECONOMICAL TO STORE ……..AS YET
FLOW DEPENDS ON PHYSICS NOT ON CONTRACTS!
END USER CANNOT DISTINGUISH THE SOURCE.
ELECTRICITY IS A COMMODITY UNLIKE OTHERS

5. How do you buy or sell a commodity
which can not be seen, counted in numbers, or measured in kg, litres or metres,
which can not be put in a container with a forwarding address, on a particular truck taking a particular route, but flows as per laws of physics,
which can not be stored, and whose availability and cost keep changing widely,

6. It is crucial to have mechanism for commercial handling of mismatches
which intermingles with all other supplies in an inevitable pool, and can not have an owner’s name tag ?
There is another peculiarity: the buyer has no control over what the seller supplies, and the seller has no control over what the buyer draws from the pool, and the two may not match !
It is crucial to have mechanism for commercial handling of mismatches

7. ........RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SERVICE PROVIDER
QUALITY PERCEPTION
GENERATOR
RELIABE EVACUATION SYSTEM
GOOD AND STEADY FREQUENCY
LOW HARMONICS
BETTER VOLTAGE
USER
PERCEPTION VARIES FROM USER TO USER DEPENDING ON THE EQUIPMENTS CONNECTED AND THE PURCHASE POWER
GEN EXPECTS GOOD FREQUENCY,NO HARMONICS,MVAR CONTROL,SSR TO BE DAMPED , PREVENT DAMAGE TO EQUIOMENT . WHAT IS QUALITY ?
DIFF END USER DIFF QUALITY
RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SERVICE PROVIDER

8. An Analogy – Power System & Human Body
RLDC::Brain
Generation :: Heart
USER
Voltage :: BP
Frequency:: Heart beat
Sub-Transmission :: Sub-Arteries
Transmission :: Main Arteries
Distribution :: Capillaries

9. Pre-Restructuring – Scenario
A consolidated, regulated monopoly
The same utility company:
Produces energy
Transmits energy
Distributes energy
Provides ancillary services (e.g., scheduling/balancing of generation supply)
Provides metering & billing services
Non Economic operation
No choice or options for consumers
Possible talking point: ancillary services are necessary since electricity has to be used as it is produced - cannot be stored like gas.
Ancillary Services
Ancillary Services are those services necessary to support the transmission of capacity and energy from generating station to distribution system while maintaining reliable operation of the transmission system. They include:
Scheduling, System Control, and Dispatch Service - is required to schedule the movement of power through, out of, within, or into CG&E’s Control Area and to maintain the Control Area balance of scheduled and actual interchanges.
Reactive Supply and Voltage Control - is required in order to maintain transmission voltages on CG&E’s transmission system facilities within acceptable limits. Generation facilities in CG&E’s Control Area are operated to produce (or absorb) reactive power.
Regulation and Frequency Response - is necessary to provide for the continuous balancing of resources (generation and interchange) with load and for maintaining scheduled interconnection frequency at 60 cycles per second (60 Hz).
Energy Imbalance - is provided when a difference occurs between the scheduled and the actual delivery of energy to a load located within CG&E’s Control Area over a single hour.
Spinning Reserve - is that part of operating reserve which is on-line and available to serve load immediately in the event of a system contingency, such as a loss of a generating unit or loss of a transmission path.
Supplemental Reserve - Supplemental Reserve Service is that part of operating reserve needed to serve load in the event of a system contingency; but may not be available immediately to serve load, but rather within a short period of time. (Source: Certified Supplier Guidebook)
The bottom-line – Higher cost ,poor quality supply

10. ........STRATEGIES TO KEEP PACE WITH THE CHANGE
EVOLVING CULTURE
COMMAND AND CONTROL
CO-OPERATIVE
CONTRACTUAL
STRATEGIES TO KEEP PACE WITH THE CHANGE

11. ........PROMOTES COMPETITION,LOWERS COST-BENEFITS THE END USER
THE STRATEGIES
RESTRUCTURING
UNBUNDLING
DEREGULATION
COMPETITION IN GENERATION
INDEPENDENT POWER PRODUCERS
COMPETITION IN DISTRIBUTION
PRIVATE PLAYERS IN DISTRIBUTION
IN DISTRBN:DELHI-BSES,SURAT,BSES&TATA IN BOMBAY
NORDPOOL: SOCITIES FORMED TO INCREASE PURCHASING CLOUT
RURAL ELECTRFN IS A SOCIAL OBLIGATION-TO BE ENFORCED
PROMOTES COMPETITION,LOWERS COST-BENEFITS THE END USER

12. UNBUNDLING AND DE-REGULATION
COMPETITION
OPTIMAL UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES
MORE FOCUS ON CORE ACTIVITIES
LOWERED COST
BETTER QUALITY/SERVICE
LESS DRAIN ON THE EXCHEQUER
END USER IS BENEFITTED
OPEN ACCESS IN TRANSMISSION WOULD DRIVE CHANGE

13. WHAT IS OPEN ACCESS TRANSMISSION
IN OPEN ACCESS TRANSMISSION SYSTEM EVERY STAKE HOLDER GENERATOR, DISTRIBUTOR , TRANSMITTER AND TRADER WILL HAVE ACCESS TO THE TRANSMISSION NETWORK MARGIN FOR TRANSMITTING THEIR POWER WITHOUT ANY RESTRICTION.

14. SCHEMATIC OF UNBUNDLED ACTIVITIES
REGULATOR
WEATHER CONDITION
MAIN TRANSMISSION SYSTEM- NATURAL MONOPOLY
REGIONAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM- NATURAL MONOPOLY
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Quality
Of Supply
CONGESTION
GRID CODE
CONTRACTS
RESPONSIBILITY OF TRANSMISSION: ATMOSPHERE CONDUCIVE TO INCREAE COMPTN, PROVIDE FOR CONSTRAINTS LIKE CONGESTION, OPERATE WITHIN FRAMEWORK OF THE GRID CODE, HONOR CONTRACTS, AND PROVIDE THE QUALITY OF THE SUPPLY
ORANGE: CONSTRAINTS TO BE MET
GREEN: CUSTOMERS- NEEDS HAVE TO BE MET- SUBJECTED TO CONSTRAINTS
1.QUALITY AT INJECTION MAY BE SAME BUT DIFFERENT AT RECEIVING END DUE TO TRANSMISSION
2.ANY CONTRACTS ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO EXTERNAL INFLUENCES
3.TRANSMISSION COST IS ONLY 5-10% OF TOTAL ENERGY COST- THIS SHOULD NOT BE A BOTTLE NECK FOR CONTRACT FULFILMENT
GENERATOR
TRADER
RETAILER
END - USER
COMPETETION
Physical flow
External Influences
Commercial Relation
Important issues determining mutual relation

15. DEFINITION OF “OPEN ACCESS” IN THE ELECTRICITY ACT, 2003
“The non-discriminatory provision for the use of transmission lines or distribution system or associated facilities with such lines or system by any licensee or consumer or a person engaged in generation in accordance with the regulations specified by the Appropriate Commission”

16. A MORE GENERAL DEFINITION OF “OPEN ACCESS”
“Enabling of non-discriminatory sale/ purchase of electric power/energy between two parties utilizing the system of an in- between (third party), and not blocking it on unreasonable grounds”

17. STAKE HOLDER MANY STAKE HOLDERS IN AN UNBUNDLED SCENARIO
WHY OPEN ACCESS?
STAKE HOLDER MANY STAKE HOLDERS IN AN UNBUNDLED SCENARIO
EXPECTS THAT HIS REQUIREMENTS BE MET
GENERATOR- EVACUATION THROUGH QUALITY CONNECTION
TRADERS – CONTRACTS
END USERS - QUALITY POWER AT LEAST COST
TRANSPARENCY
END USER IS NOT JUST A ‘CONSUMER’- HE IS A CUSTOMER
THE END USER DOES NOT CARE WHERE HE GETS HIS POWER-AS LONG AS IT COSTS THE LEAST
GEN EXPECTS GOOD FREQUENCY,NO HARMONICS,MVAR CONTROL,SSR TO BE DAMPED , PREVENT DAMAGE TO EQUIOMENT . WHAT IS QUALITY ?
DIFF END USER DIFF QUALITY
EASIER SAID THAN DONE

19. OPEN ACCESS- THE ISSUES - CONGESTION
What is congestion
Effects of congestion
How it Happens
Solutions

20. What is congestion Analogy between PowerSystem and Sand Pile
System State
Gradient Profile
Loading Pattern
Driving Force
Addition of Sand
Customer Demand
Event
Sand Topples
Limit Flow/Line Trip

21. POSSIBLE SYSTEM PROLEMS
UNIT
FAILURE
INSUFFICIENT
GENERATION
TRANSFORMER/
LINE FAILURE
LOSS OF
LOAD
REDUCED
NETWORK
REDUNDANCY
LINE OVERLOAD OR
UNSATISFACTORY
BUS VOLTAGE
BUS ISOLATED
ILANDING
SYSTEM COLLAPSE
POSSIBLE SYSTEM PROLEMS

22. OPEN ACCESS- THE ISSUES - CONGESTION
CONGESTION- AFFECTS
LESS OPERATING FLEXIBILITY
CHANCES OF MORE BLACKOUTS
COSTLIER UNITS MAY BE FORCED TO RUN
ROOM FOR DISCRIMINATION
KILLS THE COMPETITION
UNEXECUTED CONTRACTS
END USER PAYS MORE

23. OPEN ACCESS- THE ISSUES - CONGESTION
HOW IT HAPPENS
PLANNING CRITERIA
FOCUS EVACUATION OF GENERATION
GEO-POLITICAL BOUNDRY AS LIMITS
MULTI PLAYER SCENERIO NOT ENVISAGED
TRANSACTIONS ACROSS GEO-POLITICAL BOUNDRY NOT ENVISAGED
UNENVISAGED LOAD GROWTH
SHORT TERM –
PLANT/LINE OUTAGES
WIDE SEASONAL FLUCTUATION IN LOADING PATTERN
STAGGERING AND ROSTERING OF LOADS
THE GOAL

24. OPEN ACCESS- THE ISSUES - CONGESTION
IN A MULTIPLE PLAYER MARKET, SYSTEM WILL BE STRESSED TO LIMITS AND PRESSURE ON RELIABILITY MARGINS DUE TO
SKEWED GENERATION AND LOAD PATTERN CAUSED BY
INCREASE IN TRADE VOLUME
INCREASE IN COMPETITION
MERIT ORDER OPERATION
PRICE DECIDES THE RULE OF THE GAME
THE GOAL

25. OPEN ACCESS- THE SOLUTION
COST OF TRANSMISSION IS ABOUT 5% TO 10% OF THE DELIVERABLE ENERGY COST. SHOULD WE ALLOW SUCH A SMALL COMPONENT TO PREVENT THE END USER FROM ENJOYING THE RELIABLE AND AFFORDABLE ELECTRICITY SERVICE ?
NEED OF THE SYSTEM
ROBUST , RELIABLE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM TO ALLOW OPEN ACCESS TO ALL THE PLAYERS
OPEN ACCESS - RESPONSIBILITIES OF TSP

26. DEMAND IS EXPECTED TO REACH 2,12,725 MW BY END OF 12TH PLAN.

27. Demand - Supply Scenario – by 2012
Projected Peak Demand - 157,000 MW
Capacity addition envisaged –
In 10th Plan - 45,000 MW
In 11th Plan - 55,000 MW
(Approx MW Capacity Addition per Year)
Major Resources for Capacity Addition
Hydro potential in J&K, HP & NER
Coal potential in Bihar, Orissa
Major Load Center –
Bulk power need to be transferred from ER/NER to other deficit regions

29. CUM. INS. CAP. ABOUT 16000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 300 Ps

30. INDIA N E S NER W GEO POLITICAL POWER REGIONS WB NE L B’ DESH- SRI68 72 76 88 92 96 80 84 S W N E NE
82.5 L
GEO POLITICAL
POWER REGIONS B’
DESH-
SRI
NEPAL
BHUTAN
INDIA
J&K HP
PUNJAB
HARIANA
RAJASTHAN UP MP
BIHAR
ORISSA WB
GUJARAT
MAHARASHTRA
KARNATAKA
TAMIL
NADU AP
ASSAM
MNP
MIZ
TRP NG ME
LAKSHADWEEP
A&N
MYANMAR
SKM
PONDICHERY
DELHI
GOA
DIU
DAMAN
NER
LANKA
JKND
CTGR

31. SHARP
PEAK
DEEP VALLEY
DEEP VALLEY

32. 765 KV RING MAIN SYSTEM
THE POWER ‘HIGHWAY’

34. 8500 MW existing capacity 23000 MW planned by 2007
NATIONAL GRID PLAN
National Grid planned for execution in phases with an investment of Rs. 70,000 Crs by 2012.
8500 MW existing capacity
23000 MW planned by 2007
30,000 MW planned by 2012

35. NR
NER
13450MW
NER
1000MW ER
4600MW WR
6450MW
1300MW
3200MW SR

36. Network expansion in SR

37. SR GRID 1985

38. SR GRID 1995

40. Recent Network Expansion in SR
Commissioning of Talcher Kolar HVDC link
Commissioning of 2nd 500 MW pole at Gajuwaka
Commissioning of Vijayawada-Nellur-Sriperambadur Link
Commissioning of N Sagar-Khamam link
Commissioning of RGM-HYD-KURNOOL-Gooty Link
Commissioning of FSC at Cuddapa&Gooty

41. Recent Network Expansion in SR
Advantages
Increased flexibility in operation
Reduced losses
Reduced Disturbance
Increased loops
Increased Short-circuit levels

43. PROJECTS IN THE PIPELINE IN SOUTHERN REGION

44. MYSORE-KOZHIKODE D/C LINE
NEW PROJECTS ON THE ANVIL
KAIGA 3 & 4 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
COST ESTIMATE : 512 CRORES
LINES : 413 Kms
MYSORE-KOZHIKODE D/C LINE
LILO OF KOLAR-SRIPERUMBADUR
AT MELAKOTTAIYUR (40KM) K E R A L
NELAMANGALOA
NARENDRA-DAVANGERE D/C LINE
SUB-STATION : 2 Nos. New
NEW 400/220KV SUBSTATION AT
KOZHIKODE & MELAKOTTAIYUR
2ND 315MVA TRANSFORMER AT
HIRIYUR S/S & VIJAYAWADA
BAY EXTENSION AT NARENDRA,
DAVANGERE (KPTCL) & HIRIYUR.

45. LINES : 601+ 350 = 950 Km. ESTIMATED COST = 1710 CRORES
NEW PROJECTS ON THE ANVIL
KUDANKULAM TRANSMISSION SYSTEM( 2000MW)
LINES : = 950 Km. ESTIMATED COST = 1710 CRORES
KUDANKULAM-TIRUNELVELI
2 X 400 KV D/C LINES WITH
QUAD (108 & 83 Km.)
TIRUNELVELI-UDUMALPET
D/C LINE WITH TWIN
MOOSE (300Km)
KARNATAKA
T N
KERALA
LILO OF BOTH CIRCUITS OF
MADURAI-TRIVANDRUM LINE
AT TIRUNELVELI ( 2 X 55 Km)
EDAMON-MUVATTUPUZHA
D/C LINE QUAD (150Km)
TIRUNELVELI-EDAMON 400KV D/C LINE (110Km).
MUVATTUPUZHA-TRICHUR 400KV D/C LINE WITH QUAD
CONDUCTORS (90Km)

46. NEW PROJECTS ON THE ANVIL
KUDANKULAM TRANSMISSION SYSTEM( 2000MW)
SUB-STATIONS
NEW 400/220KV SUBSTATIONS AT TIRUNELVELI,
MUVATTUPUZHA
AUGMENTATION OF TRANSFORMATION CAPACITY BY ONE
TRANSFORMER EACH AT UDUMALPET & TRIVANDRUM S/S
SUPPLEMENTARY TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
LILO OF ONE CIRCUIT OF 400KV MADURAI-TRICHY
AT KARAIKUDI ( 60 Km) ALONG WITH SUBSTATION AT
KARAIKUDI (TAMILNADU)
LILO OF ONE CIRCUIT OF TALAGUPPA-NELAMANGALA
400KV LINE AT HASSAN ( 80 KM) ALONG WITH SUBSTATION AT
HASSAN.(KARNATAKA)

47. LILO OF NEYVELI-SRIPERUMBU- LILO OF Khamam NSagar line at Warangle
NEW PROJECTS ON THE ANVIL
NLC-TS-II EXPANSION TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
COST ESTIMATE : 721 CRORES
LINES : 467 Km.
2 NOS. 400KV S/C LINES FROM
NEYVELI-TS-II (EXISTING)
TO NLC TS-II (EXPAN) (8 KM).
KARNATAKA
NEYVELI-PUGALUR D/C LINE
PUGALUR-MADURAI D/C LINE
T N K E R A L
UDUMALPET-ARASUR D/C LINE
LILO OF NEYVELI-SRIPERUMBU-
DUR LINE AT PONDY.
LILO OF Khamam NSagar line at Warangle -
SUB-STATION
NEW 400/220KV SUBSTATIONS AT PUGALUR, ARASUR &
PONDICHERRY Warangle

48. THANKYOU
For clarification you can contact me at

49. MAJOR AND MINOR DISTURBANCES SINCE 1994
SPS
NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER GENERATING PLANTS LIKE RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, SHARAVATHY ETC

50. IMPACT OF LINE ON SR SYSTEM LOSS
LINE NAME
INCREASE IN LOSS (MW)
VIJAYAWADA-SRISAILAM any one circuit 4
VIJAYAWADA-NELLORE any one circuit 10
N’SAGAR-CUDAPPA any one circuit 9
NELLUR-MADRAS any one circuit
KOLAR-HOODY any one circuit 5
KHAMMAM-MAMIDIPALLI any one circuit 7
KOLAR-HOSUR any one circuit 8
NEYVELI-SALEM any one circuit 6
TRICHY-MADURAI any one circuit

51. FIXED SERIES CAPACITORS
Reduce impedance of the line
Increase the angular stability for a given power OR
Increase power transfer capability for same level of angular stability

52. FSC ANALOGY

53. BANGALORE 400 KV RING MAIN(INTERIM)
FROM GOOTY
KOLAR
NELAMANGALA
HOODY
400 KV RING MAIN
NEXT: FINAL
SOMANAHALLI

54. BANGALORE 400 KV RING MAIN(FINAL)
FROM GOOTY
KOLAR
NELAMANGALA
HOODY
400 KV RING MAIN
SOMANAHALLI

55. HIGH SPEED INTER-TRIP SCHEME AT KOLAR
GOOTY
HOODY
SALEM
TRICHUR
MADURAI
TRICHY
SPBDR
NLC II
CUDDAPAH
PONDICHERY
SOMANHALLI
KOLAR
HOSUR
NLC -1 EXP.
KOZIKODE
UDUMALPET
NLC II EXP
BAHOOR
KURNOOL
ANANTPUR
KARAIKUDI
THIRUVARUR
INGUR
SOMYAZULA PALLI
TO TALCHER

56. KAIGA EVACUATION PROBLEM SPS BASED SOLUTION
HUBLI
NAGJHERI
855 MW
THESE LINES ARE TRIPPED IF
>600 AMPS FOR 1SEC OR > 900 AMPS FOR 300 MSEC,
KODASHALLI
120 MW
400 KV LINE OPERATED AT 220 KV
PROBLEM OF OVERLOADING WHEN HIGH GENERATION AT KALI COMPLEX
KAIGA
440 MW
GUTTUR
SIRSI
KADRA
150 MW

57. SPS AT RAICHUR N’SAGAR RAICHUR CUDDAPAH MUNIRABAD GOOTY DAVANGERE
HVDC LINES
FROM ER
HIRIYUR
SOMANAHALLY
KOLAR
NELAMANGALA
HOODY

58. 400 KV GHANAPUR-KURNOOL-GOOTY LINE
COMMISSIONING AND ADVANTAGES

59. COMMISSIONING HIGHLIGHTS
GHANAPUR-KURNOOL(224 KMS) TEST CHARGED FROM GHANAPUR ON 11/02/2005 AT 1140 HRS
SYNCHRONISED AT KURNOOL AT 1311 HRS
KURNOOL-GOOTY(84 KMS) TEST CHARGED FROM GOOTY ON 11/02/2005 AT 1330 HRS AND SYNCHRONISED AT KURNOOL AT 1520 HRS
PARAMETER
BEFORE
AFTER
GHP-KNL MW
NIL
130
KNL-GTY MW
180
HYD VOLT
407
412
GTY VOLT
417

60. ADVANTAGES OF THE LINE VITAL BACKBONE LINK
PROVIDES SUPPORT IN OUTAGE OF NORTH-SOUTH NETWORK LINES FOR EG, 400 KV NUNNA-NELLORE-MADRAS, N’SAGAR-CUDDAPAH ETC
LOSSES IN THE GRID ARE REDUCED BY 6 MW IN NORMAL CONDITIONS AND BY AS MUCH AS 12 MW DURING LOAD CHANGEOVERS
SC LEVELS OF KURNOOL IMPROVED FROM 2400 MVA TO 4500 MVA AFTER RGM-HYD-KNL-GTY WAS COMMISSIONED
INCREASED SC LEVELS AT GTY (3484 TO 4600 MVA) ALSO
IMPROVED STABILITY, LESS VOLTAGE EXCURSIONS AT THESE STATIONS CAN BE EXPECTED
ALSO ANCHORS THE SRISAILAM SYSTEM WITH THE CTU GRID

61. 400 KV D/C GAZUWAKA-NUNNA LINE
COMMISSIONING AND ADVANTAGES

62. COMMISSIONING HIGHLIGHTS
GAZUWAKA-NUNNA-II CHARGED FROM GAZUWAKA END AT 1626 ON 27/02/05 AND SYNCHRONISED AT NUNNA AT 1652 HRS
GAZUWAKA-NUNNA-III CHARGED FROM GAZUWAKA END AT 2303 ON 27/02/05 AND SYNCHRONISED AT NUNNA AT 2315 HRS
PARAMETER
BEFORE
AFTER CHARGING CKT 2
NNA-GZK-1
360
278
GZK VOLT
404
407
PARAMETER
BEFORE
AFTER CHARGING CKT 3
NNA-GZK-1
260
220
GZK VOLT
411
414

63. ADVANTAGES OF THE LINE
PLANNED FOR EVACUATION OF POWER FROM POLE 2 AT GAZUWAKA
ALLEVIATED THE LOADING AND LOAD ANGLE ON THE S/C 400 KV GAZUWAKA-NUNNA LINE
IMPROVED THE EVACUATION OF SIMHADRI AS WELL AS GAZUWAKA IMPORT
LOSSES REDUCED BY 8 MW WITH FULL GENERATION AT SIMHADRI AND 500 MW IMPORT AT GAZUWAKA
IMPROVED STABILITY IN N.COASTAL AP AREA
RELIEVED LOADINGS ON GAZUWAKA-KAKINADA-VTS CORRIDOR