1. Quantum Wave Model

2. Electron Configuration
4 subshells
S, P, D, F

3. S Subshell
Spherical in Shape – enables the electrons to surround the nucleus of the atom
Lowest energy level
1 orbital (each orbital holds 2 e-)
Holds 2 e-

4. P Subshell
Dumbbell shaped and can be oriented in space in one of three ways.
3 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-)
Holds up to 6e-

5. D Subshell Dumbbell shaped 5 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-)

6. F Subshell Dumbbell shaped Greatest energy
7 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-)
Holds 14 e-

8. Orbital Diagrams
Orbital Diagrams: Electrons enter the electron configuration (orbital diagram) pattern beginning at the lowest energy and filling the pattern to the highest energy.

9. Hund’s Rule
Hund’s Rule: Electrons enter the each orbital individually until all orbitals are half filled before pairing with other electrons in the subshell.
In other words – one electron per orbital until all orbitals are filled, then 2nd electron can be placed in each orbital.

10. Pauli Exclusion Principle
Pauli Exclusion Principle: an orbital can contain no more than two electrons and those two electrons must be paired,
In other words, electrons must have opposite spin (usually indicated by one up-arrow and one down-arrow).

12. Feeling Overwhelmed?
"Teacher, may I be excused? My brain is full."

13. Modern Atomic Structure
Space Filling Model for Scandium

14. __ 1s __ / __ __ __ 2s 2p __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 3s 3p 3d __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 4s 4p 4d 4f 5s 5p 5d 5f 6s 6p 6d 6f

16. How many energy levels are there?7

17. The ___ represents?
The orbital

18. What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in one orbital2

19. How many subshells are in the second energy level?2
2s and 2p

20. How many orbitals are in the f subshell?7

21. How many electrons will the third energy level hold?18

22. What four letters represent the subshells?D F

23. 1s2, 2s2, 2p6,3s23p6
This is called the Electron Configuration

24. The number 2 in 2p6 represents the
Energy level

25. The letter p in 2p6 represents the number of
Valence Electrons

26. What is the maximum number of electrons the 4d subshell can hold?10

27. What is an easy way to determine the number of valence electrons?
Look at the periodic table and determine the family the element is in.
Family I – 1 valence electron
Family II – 2 valence electrons
Family III – 3 valence electrons
Family IV – 4 valence electrons
Family V – 5 valence electrons
Family VI – 6 valence electrons
Family VII – 7 valence electrons
Family VIII – 8 valence electrons