1. Transliteration: Show Me the English Chapter 6 Use of Space

2. ASL, a visual language, is communicated through a visual modality. One area used effectively by transliterators to enhance meaning is the use of space. This adds clarity to information by locating objects in the signing space.

3. How we use space in transliterating: Direct address (also called direct discourse) Subject-object agreement Non-manual markers Listing and comparisons

4. Direct Address In ASL direct address is defined as acting out the role of the character using direct dialogue…also known as “role-shifting”. English has both direct and indirect address and usually a special function for each (Larsen, 1984) Direct address is most frequently used when telling stories, jokes and when speaking to children.

5. Example English: “Mother told Sue she wanted her to clean the house.” Transliteration: MOTHER TELL SUE I WANT YOU CLEAN HOUSE But be careful – when voicing signing to English, only use direct address when appropriate… Dave signs to you that a “Deaf woman told him MY INTERPRETER GOOD” How do we voice this??

6. Subject-Object Agreement “John gave me the book” “I gave John the book” “I live in California and my mom lives in New York. I plan to fly out to visit her next summer.”

7. Let’s Practice With a partner decide how to re-structure: “The teacher has to monitor the reading Levels of her students. When that student is assisted at home, studies have shown that reading levels improve.”

8. Transliteration and non-manual markers Non-manual markers are necessary for appropriate and accurate transliteration.Without non-manual facial markers, the transliteration becomes monotone. I am going to the store will you go with me I want to buy a dress if it is not too late We can also stop at the bank but we can’t if Suzy doesn’t get here soon I wonder If my mom will call oh here she is now goodbye.

9. How do we avoid signing “monotone??” I am going to the store will you go with me I want to buy a dress if it is not too late we can also stop at the bank but we can’t if Suzy doesn’t get here soon I wonder If my mom will call oh here she is now goodbye. Question markers Head Nod Body Shift Eye gaze Body shift

10. Listing and Comparisons Transliterators use space for listing and comparing items. *We can list things using placement (same – side by side) (comparison – across from signer) *Numbering on non-dominant hand