1. An era of prosperity, Republican power, and conflict
The Roaring 20’s
An era of prosperity,
Republican power,
and conflict

2. Age of Prosperity Economic expansion Mass Production Assembly Line
Age of the Automobile
Ailing Agriculture…

3. an agri. depression in early 1920's contributed to this urban migration
U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europe
at same time agri. efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers needed
so farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed)
so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society

4. Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty
sharecropping kept them in de facto slavery
boll weevil wiped out the cotton crop
white landowners went bankrupt & forced blacks off their land

5. Changing Roles of Women
Flappers
Young
Semi-professional
Margaret Sanger
Birth Control
Miriam A. Ferguson
Governor. First women in government office

6. 1920 - 19th Amendment gave them the federal vote
after 1920, social circumstances changed too as more women worked outside the home
and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions
women didn't want to sacrifice wartime gains - amounted to a social revolt
characterized by the FLAPPER/ "new woman"
(bobbed hair, short dresses, smoked in public...)

7. Harlem Renaissance “Flowering” of African American Arts Literature
Result of Great Migration
Literature
Langston Hughes
Zora Neale Hurston
Drama
Paul Robeson

8. Blacks moved north to take advantage of booming wartime industry (= Great Migration) - Black ghettoes began to form, i.e. Harlem
within these ghettoes a distinct Black culture flourished
But both blacks and whites wanted cultural interchange restricted

9. Music of the Harlem Renaissance
Blues
Bessie Smith
Jazz
W. African Rhythms + European Harmony
Louis Armstrong
Duke Ellington
Cotton Club

10. African American Politics
Voting Bloc
Republican
Oscar DePriest
NAACP
Lobbying
John J. Parker
Lawsuits

11. Stances on Segregation
Booker T. Washington
Accommodation / Gradualism
W.E.B. Du Bois (NAACP)
Integration
Marcus Garvey
Separatism

12. Marcus Garvey Universal Negro Improvement Association Black Star Lines
Black Nationalism
Black Star Lines
“Back to Africa” Movement

13. Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments: gov't charged him with w/fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist

14. The Ku Klux Klan In power Great increase Anti-black Anti-immigrant
Anti-Semitic
Anti-Catholic
Anti-women’s suffrage
Anti-bootleggers

15. Mass Media Radio Miss America Pageant Magazines National Culture
George “Babe” Ruth
Charles Lindbergh
Miss America Pageant
Magazines
Advertising

16. Motion Pictures Silent Films 1927 Charlie Chaplin Rudolph Valentino
D.W. Griffith
Feature Length Film
Birth of A Nation
1927
The Jazz Singer
“Talkie”

17. Rudolph Valentino

18. Lillian Gish

19. Literature “Lost Generation” Disillusionment after WWI
Ernest Hemingway
For Whom the Bell Tolls
Farewell to Arms
F. Scott Fitzgerald
The Great Gatsby
Sinclair Lewis
Babbit

20. Art
Realism

21. Consumer Economy
RADIO
VACUUM CLEANER

22. INVENTIONS of the 20’s 1920- Tommy Gun, Band-Aid, Hair Dryer
1921- First Robot & Lie Detctor
1922- Insulin, Convertible, Water skiing
1923- Traffic Signal, T.V, Clarence Birdseye frozen food
1924- Spiral notebooks
1926- Power steering, first drive through (City Center Bank), toaster
1927- PEZ candy
1928- penicillin, Bubble Gum, electric shaver
1929- car radio, Yo-Yo re-invented as an American fad

23. Culture of the Roaring 20’s
Radio
KDKA Pittsburgh
GE, Westinghouse,& RCA form NBC
Silent Movies
Charlie Chaplin
“Talkies”
The Jazz Singer
Starring Al Jolson
Mary Pickford
“America’s Sweetheart”

24. Celebrities Babe Ruth &Ty Cobb Charles Lindbergh
The Spirit of St. Louis
Jack Dempsey

25. 1920's collectively known as the "Roaring 20's", or the "Jazz Age"
in sum, a period of great change in American Society - modern America is born at this time
for first time the census reflected an urban society - people had moved into cities to enjoy a higher standard of living

26. The 20’s is The Jazz Age The Flappers Writers Musicians make up
cigarettes
short skirts
Writers
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Musicians
Louis Armstrong
Duke Ellington

27. Republican Power President Harding Elected 1920 Legacy of Scandals
“Teapot Dome”
Died in office

28. President Coolidge “The business of America is business.”
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
No help for farmers
Foreign Policy

29. A Society in Conflict Anti-immigrant Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
National Origins Act
Discrimination
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
Italian immigrants
Unfair trial

30. for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic
N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values
this fear was known as NATIVISM
many wanted Congress to restrict immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe
fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.)
basic comm. advocates a int'l revolution by the proletariat/workers - fears that this ideology could find its way into the U.S.

31. at this time, W. Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke
his Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer, wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage
he had J. Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals, many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)

32. High School Biology teacher
Scopes “Monkey” Trial
Evolution vs. Creationism
Science vs. Religion
Famous Lawyers
Dayton, Tennessee
John Scopes
High School Biology teacher

34. Prohibition Volstead Act untouchables Gangsters 18th Amendment
Al Capone

35. Prohibition 1920 Bootlegging Speakeasies Organized Crime
18th Amendment
Bootlegging
Speakeasies
Organized Crime
Al Capone
Elliot Ness

36. PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcohol
adopted in th AMENDMENT
an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement
in WWI, temperance became a patriotic mvmt. - drunkenness caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded
a difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise
Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period - capitalism at its zenith…
Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment
forced organized crime to pursue other interests…

37. Fundamentalism Literal Biblical Interpretation Evolution
Feared “New Morality”
Billy Sunday
Evolution
Charles Darwin
Scopes “Monkey” Trial
Clarence Darrow
William Jennings Bryan