1. The Power of Positive Thinking
Exploring Social Psychology by David G. Myers, 4/e
The Power of Positive Thinking
Module 5
Copyright © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. Self-Efficacy-Özyeterlik (A. Bandura)
“The belief in one’s ability to carry out specific actions that produce desired outcomes”
How competent you feel to do something
- More persistent
- Less anxious and depressed
- More academically successful

3. Locus of Control (Rotter, 1954)
Locus of control refers to the extent to which individuals believe that they can control events that affect them.
It refers to a person's belief about what causes the good or bad results in his life, either in general or in a specific area such as health or academics.

4. Locus-of-Control External Internal Do well in school
Successfully stop smoking
Wear seat belts
Practice birth control
Deal with marital problems
Make money
Delay gratification

5. LOC In the long run, people get the respect they deserve in this world
Unfortunately, people’s worth passes unrecognized no matter how hard they try
Sometimes I feel that I don’t have enough control over the direction my life is taking
This world is run by the few people in power, and there is nomuch the little guy can do about it
In the long run, people get the respect they deserve in this world
What happens to me is my own doing
The average person can have an influence in government decisions

6. Self-efficacy vs. Locus of control
Although someone may believe that how some future event turns out is under their control, they may or may not believe that they are capable of behaving in a way that will produce the desired result.

7. LOC and Work Related Behavior
Internals have high levels of job satisfaction, motivation and performance and leadership than externals (Spector, 1982)

8. Learned helplessness..
means a condition of a human being or an animal in which it has learned to behave helplessly, even when the opportunity is restored for it to help itself by avoiding an unpleasant or harmful circumstance to which it has been subjected.
vs. self-determination

10. POVERTY
The culture of poverty concept is a social theory explaining the cycle of poverty. Based on the concept that the poor have a unique value system, the culture of poverty theory suggests the poor remain in poverty because of their adaptations to the burdens of poverty.

11. GLOBAL CALL TO ACTION AGAINST POVERTY
The main aim of GCAP is to achieve policy and practice changes that will improve the lives of people living in poverty. Campaign demands in line with UN MDG:
Public accountability, Just governance and the Fulfillment of Human Rights
Women's Rights and Gender Justice
Climate Justice
Trade justice
Aid and Financing for Development
Debt cancellation
Peace and Security

12. UN Millenium Development Goals
Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger
Achieving universal primary education
Promoting gender equality and empowering women
Reducing child mortality rates
Improving maternal health
Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
Ensuring environmental sustainability
Developing a global partnership for development
All 189 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organizations committed to help achieve these goals by the year 2015!

13. U.S.A.
According to January 2009 statistics, there are 643,067 sheltered and unsheltered homeless persons nationwide
Over in Turkey ( in Istanbul) as of Fall 2011

14. U.S.A., Ireland, Finland, France,..
A significant paradigm shift has occurred in homeless services over the past five years which has begun to shift the emphasis from "managing the problem of homelessness" with emergency shelters, soup kitchens and health clinic to ending homelessness by housing individuals who are experiencing homelessness.

15. SUBCULTURE OF POOR
a strong feeling of marginality, of helplessness, of dependency, of not belonging
a widespread feeling of inferiority, of personal unworthiness
They are marginal people who know only their own troubles, their own local conditions, their own neighborhood, their own way of life
They are not class conscious, although they are very sensitive indeed to status distinctions

16. .
A 1995 paper in the American Journal of Community Psychology concluded that "although the homeless are clearly stigmatized (damgalanmış), there is little evidence to suggest that the public has lost compassion and is unwilling to support policies to help homeless people." A Penn State study in 2004 concluded that "familiarity breeds sympathy" and greater support for addressing the problem.

17. Reflections on Self-Efficacy
Self-efficacy does not grow primarily by self-persuasion
I think I can, I think I can

18. Reflections on Self-Efficacy
Self-efficacy does not grow primarily by self-persuasion
Self-efficacy does not grow by puffing people up like hot-air balloons
Self-efficacy does grow
from success

19. The Dark Side of Self-Esteem
(Öz saygı)
“People’s evaluations of their own self-worth”
Underlying is one’s need to maintain a favorable image of themselves.
Is positive self-esteem the secret to successful, happy living?
- Negative reactions when self-esteem is threatened

20. The Dark Side of Self-Esteem
The dark side of high self-esteem exists in tension with the findings that people expressing low self-esteem are somewhat more vulnerable to assorted clinical problems, including anxiety, loneliness, and eating disorders.
What type of attitude should we have?
Mix positive thinking with realism