1. AN INVESTIGATION ON THE INTERRELATED QUALITIES SHARED BETWEEN HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY:
By Maeve Losen

2. Introduction: Why I chose this topic Three things in how they relate:
they both study aspects of the past
how they aid one another in their respective fields
one of the careers from my paper that would benefit from a background in both
Research Question: How do these two disciplines relate to one another?
Thesis: The disciplines of history and anthropology use differing methods of research to better understand the similar topics of past events, cultures, peoples, and societies, while helping one another in their respective fields
Clarification purposes: mostly be referring to historical anthropology/archaeology

3. What is history?
According to Professor Arthur Marwick of the Open University:
“The bodies of knowledge about the past produced by historians, together with everything that is involved in the production, communication of, and teaching about that knowledge.”
Role of historians is not to “reconstruct” past events, but to “produce knowledge about the past, or…produce contributions to knowledge about the past.”
Historians use two types of sources: primary and secondary
There is a difference between what “history” is and what’s considered “the past”
Everything is a process

4. Application: Learn lots of skills through history
Analyzing documents, how to write, understand hypothesizes & logic, recognize opinion papers, understand types of communication
Applicable to many careers – AKA NOT JUST YOUR HISTORY TEACHER
Careers include: campaigning, politics/government, writing fiction/non-fiction, research, museum studies, teaching/academics, law, military, & historian

5. WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY?
Different types & sub-fields: biological, linguistic, archaeology, & cultural
Cultural – comparable study of humankind
Again, focus is on the historical anthropology & archaeology
Historical anthropology is cultural anthropology but on historical societies
Different observations & things to study

6. THE PAST:
Historical Anthropology/Archaeology & History all study the same general topic
Slight differences
Christian Giordano:
“History is important for the anthropologist because it is a specific form of social knowledge.”
Rachel Reese Sady:
“Culture is the total way of life of a people, the content and pattern of their learned behavior and beliefs. How cultures form and how they change is a major part of history.”

7. Help one another out: Peter M. Whitely :
“Understanding of culture…can only be enhanced by a more rigorous engagement with the historical circumstantiality.”
Wilson D. Wallis:
“[The] contribution of anthropology has not been negligible. It has enlarged the horizon of history at every point, but most of all at its beginning.”

8. CAREER PATHS: Not your history teacher (could be, but I don’t want to)
Majority of the jobs listed earlier, mostly teaching, writing, research, & historians, can benefit from a background in anthropology
Focus on museum work (personal interest):
Curation
Restoration/Preservation
Research
Archival Management
Lab Work

9. Real WORLD APPLICATION:
Pompeii
Small video:
mysteries-revealed
Froze time for archaeologists, anthropologists, & historians to study

10. Another Example: Quakers Who were they? What did they practice?
Burlington Friends’ Meetinghouse, Burlington, New Jersey
Section of the paper deals with the historical context of the site
Archaeologists consulted documents, like public records & maps

11. Meethinghouse contd: Finds included: Window glass Nails
Different types of ceramics/earthenware
Bottle glass
Faunal remains/bones
Coins of varying origin
Chalk fragment
Shoe buckle
Thimble
Lead ball/gunflint
Toys
Tobacco pipes stems/pipe-bowl fragments

12. Another example:
What do you think of when you hear the phrase, “The Wild West?”
What type of culture do you assume of the Wild West? The type of people? Saloons?
Why do you think of these things? Where is your information coming from?

13. Example CONTD:
Goal of archaeologists is to disprove a preconception about a culture through what they find
Hollywood is a liar
Boston Saloon – a saloon operated in the 1860s & 1870s, owned by William A. G. Brown
Multiple pieces of evidence to disprove Hollywood’s lies
Types of finds: glassware, faunal remains, historical documents/accounts, pipe-stems, pieces of instruments, gas-lighting technology

14. Types of finds/evidence:
Newspaper articles recount that the saloon was mostly visited & worked at by African-Americans
A pipe stem had traces of use by a woman
Gas-lights used a technology that cut down on fumes – less foggy
No pianos, but brass instruments
Condiment containers & faunal remains indicate types of meals

15. Conclusion: Anthropology & History are related
The topics studied are similar, the means to investigate them are what mostly differ
The two fields of study, history and anthropology—specifically archaeology and historical anthropology—are related because they study similar subjects, but through different methods, and focus on different aspects of that subject matter