2. Mutations http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kp0esidDr-c&safe=active

4. Can also have chromosomal mutations

5. Gene mutation

6. Gene mutations: point vs. frameshift

7. Chromosomal mutations

8. The fat cat ate the wee rat. The fat pat ate the wee rat
The fat cat ate the wee rat. The fat pat ate the wee rat. The fat ate the wee rat. The fat cat xlw ate the wee rat. The fat caa tet hew eer at. The fat tar eew eht eta tac.

9. REST ARE FRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS
The fat cat ate the wee rat. - Healthy DNA
The fat pat ate the wee rat. - substitution (point mutation)
REST ARE FRAMESHIFT MUTATIONS
The fat ate the wee rat. - Deletion of codon
The fat cat xlw ate the wee rat. - Insertion
The fat caa tet hew eer at. - Deletion of single base
The fat tar eew eht eta tac. - Inversion