1. Protein on Normal Red Blood Cells
Instructions: Transcribe the DNA sequence shown, then translate using codon map
DNA: TAC CAA GTA GAC CTC CTT CTC GTG CAT CTT GTG ATC
Transcribed
mRNA:
AUG GUU CAU CUG GAG GAA GAG CAC GUA GAA CAC UAG
Translated
protein:
Start Val His Leu Glu Glu Glu His Val Glu His Stop
Protein on Normal Red Blood Cells

2. Protein on Red Blood Cells Changed Causing Sickle Cell Anemia
Instructions: Thymine in 2nd base position of 5th codon mutates to an Adenine
DNA:
TAC CAA GTA GAC CTC CTT CTC GTG CAT CTT GTG ATC
CAC
Transcribed
mRNA:
AUG GUU CAU CUG GAG GAA GAG CAC GUA GAA CAC UAG
GUG
Translated
protein:
Start Val His Leu Glu Glu Glu His Val Glu His Stop
Val
Protein on Red Blood Cells Changed Causing Sickle Cell Anemia
Missence Mutation:
change in 1 base resulting in change in codon which results in change of amino acid; reading frame unaffected
causes change in protein formed
may be due to replication error or transcription error

3. TAC CAA GTA GAC CTC CTT CTC GTG CAT CTT GTG ATC CAG
Instructions: Adenine in 3rd base position of 2nd codon mutates to a Guanine
DNA:
TAC CAA GTA GAC CTC CTT CTC GTG CAT CTT GTG ATC
CAG
Transcribed
mRNA:
AUG GUU CAU CUG GAG GAA GAG CAC GUA GAA CAC UAG
GUC
Translated
protein:
Start Val His Leu Glu Glu Glu His Val Glu His Stop
Val
Silent Point Mutation:
change in 1 base resulting in change in codon but NO change of amino acid (Val Val)
causes NO change in protein formed
may be due to replication error or transcription error
Protein on Normal Red Blood Cells – no change

4. AUG GUU CAU CUG GAG GAA GAG CAC GUA GAA CAC UAG
Instructions: Delete the Cytosine from the 1st base position of codon #10; redistribute codon reading frames
DNA:
TAC CAA GTA GAC CTC CTT CTC GTG CAT CTT GTG ATC
Transcribed
mRNA:
AUG GUU CAU CUG GAG GAA GAG CAC GUA GAA CAC UAG
protein:
Translated
Start Val His Leu Glu Glu Glu His Val Glu His Stop
Asn Thr No
Stop
Frame Shift Mutation -- Deletion
Deletion of 1 base shifts the codons resulting in a change to the protein reading frames
causes change in protein formed or results in no protein being formed; may be functional, partially functional or nonfunctional
may be due to replication error or transcription error

5. AUG GUU CAU CUG GAG GAA GAG CAC GUA GAA CAC UAG
Instructions: Insert a Guanine after 3rd base of codon #10;
redistribute codon reading frames
DNA:
TAC CAA GTA GAC CTC CTT CTC GTG CAT CTT GTG ATC G
Transcribed
mRNA:
AUG GUU CAU CUG GAG GAA GAG CAC GUA GAA CAC UAG C
protein:
Translated
Start Val His Leu Glu Glu Glu His Val Glu His Stop
Pro Leu No
Stop
Frame Shift Mutation -- Insertion
Insertion of 1 base shifts the codons resulting in a change to the protein reading frames
causes change in protein formed or results in no protein being formed; may be functional, partially functional or nonfunctional
may be due to replication error or transcription error

6. AUG GUU CAU CUG GAG GAA GAG CAC GUA GAA CAC UAG
Instructions: Delete the Cytosine from the 1st base position of codon #9; redistribute codon reading frames
DNA:
TAC CAA GTA GAC CTC CTT CTC GTG CAT CTT GTG ATC
Transcribed
mRNA:
AUG GUU CAU CUG GAG GAA GAG CAC GUA GAA CAC UAG
Translated
protein:
Start Val His Leu Glu Glu Glu His Val Glu His Stop
Stop
NO RBCs formed
– fatal mutation may result
Nonsense Mutation:
Frameshift or Missence mutation that results a STOP codon being inserted too early in the reading frame.
Results in shorter, unfinished protein that is usually nonfunctional.
may be due to replication error or transcription error