1. Review: The Atlantic World 1500s
Economics
Social
Political
Motivations for Colonization
Trade
Expansion of Europe
Alleviate Trade Deficit
Crusades
Religious
Competition with Islam
Dominance over indigenous
Wars between European nations
Routes
Eastern Route: Marco Polo
Western Route: Spain
Predecessors: English
Trade: Water and Land
Spice Islands
Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Caravan routes
Trade products
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade (1501)
Race and Economics
Triangular Trade
Who benefited?
Water
Cross-cultural interactions
Religion
Intellectual
Communication
European mariners: Ships
Trading posts turn into “slave castles”
Disruption of African society
Chattel Enslavement
16+- Africans enslaved in “New World”
Resistance to Enslavement
Changes in Power
European Monarchy
Gunpowder Empires
More Centralized
Portugal: Imperialism/Prince Henry
Spain
Financing European mariners
15th century- Slave Trade (Portugal)
Political Upheaval in Africa
European commercial revolution
Class Inequality/Tensions
National states/empire building
Mercantilism
Network of Overseas colonies
Results of Spanish Conquest
Trade of silver from mines
Spain (Mission System)
Racial
Destruction of Indigenous culture
Spain: 1519
Encomienda System
Geo-Political Rivalries
Indigenous: Barter/Trade
Indigenous encounter with Europeans
Indigenous: relationship with land, water, animals (animistic)
3 types of societies
Women as leaders
War
Indigenous Women: guardians of groups traditions/ social and economic stability
Matrilineal