1. Era of Spanish Domination

2. Objectives
Explain how Spanish power increased under Charles V and Phillip II.
Summarize how the arts flourished during Spain’s Golden Age.
List why the Spanish economy declined in the 1600s.

3. Key Terms
Divine Right
Armada

4. People/People
Ferdinand and Isabella
Charles V
Phillip II

5. How did Isabella and Ferdinand unify Spain?

6. How did Isabella and Ferdinand unify Spain?
Strong Government
Reduce power of prominent Spanish nobility
Removed nobles from important government positions.
Destroyed castles built without royal permission.
Outlawed private warfare.
Win support of other nobles
Allowed them to marry members of Spanish royal family and gave them honorary positions in the government.

7. How did Isabella and Ferdinand unify Spain?
Gain support of Church
An alliance with the papacy, they gained the authority to appoint bishops both in Spain and in their American Colonies.
They reformed the Church.
They spent Church money on national projects.
Completed reconquest of Spain from the Muslims.
Defeated Granada in 1492.
Unified Spain after eight centuries of political division.

8. How did Isabella and Ferdinand unify Spain?
Religious Persecution
Isabella and Ferdinand persecuted their religious opponents.
They brought back the Inquisition and punished suspected heretics.
Jews were punished for practicing Judaism in secret.
1492 all Jews who refused to be baptized were ordered to leave Spain.

9. How did Isabella and Ferdinand unify Spain?
Religious Persecution
In 1502 the rulers insisted that the Muslims convert to Christianity.
The Muslims that did not convert were forced to leave Spain.

10. How did Isabella and Ferdinand unify Spain?
The Price of Intolerance
Spain paid a huge price for Isabella and Ferdinand’s policies.
The Jews and Muslims had enriched Spanish arts, culture, and intellectual life.
Jews had played a key role as business leaders and merchants.
The Muslims improved Spanish agricultural output.

11. How did Charles V gain such a huge empire?

12. How did Charles V gain such a huge empire?
He was member of the Hapsburg family of Austria.
He was the heir to Hapsburg land as well as the Spanish empire.
At the age of 6, he inherited the Netherlands from his father.
At 15, he was proclaimed King of Spain.
By 1520 he inherited Austria, Hungary, Bohemia.
He then was crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

13. Life After Charles

14. Life After Charles In 1556—Charles V retires from the throne
His son Philip II takes over and rules from 1556 to 1598.

15. Life After Charles Philip’s Reign
As head of the government of Spain, believed in the divine right of monarchs and used this to justify a number of immoral and illegal acts, such as ordering murders.
Conquest of Portugal
1580 Philip became next in line to rule Portugal.
Sent troops there and gained control of the Empire.
Rebellion in the Netherlands
Philip raised taxes on the Dutch to gain money from them.
1566, Netherlands split—North Protestant, South Catholic

16. Life After Charles Philip’s Reign
His goals were to build the power of both Spain and the Roman Catholic Church.
Religious tolerance
Philip wanted Spain to be entirely Catholic.
He ordered Protestants to convert or leave Spain.
Battling Ottomans
Joined with the Pope and the Republic of Venice to get rid of Ottoman pirates from the Mediterranean Sea.

17. Why did Philip II send the Invincible Armada to attack England
Why did Philip II send the Invincible Armada to attack England? What was the outcome?

18. Why?
A. English privateers who plundered Spanish treasure ships heated up the rivalry between the two.
1. Elizabeth I sent troops to support Dutch rebels. This angered Philip.
B. In 1588, Philip sent the Invincible Armada
2. About 130 ships, 300 cannons.

19. Why? C. English crushed the Spanish
1. Their ships were smaller and quicker and their sailors were more skillful.
2. Several ships were sunk ,a storm blew the rest into the North Sea, then they sailed around Scotland and some crashed, only about ½ of the fleet returned.
3. This was a terrible blow to Spanish pride.

20. What caused Spain’s decline as a world power?

21. What caused Spain’s decline as a world power?
Cost of War
a. Put a terrible strain on Spain’s resources.
b. Spain did not have a strong enough economy to support these wars.

22. What caused Spain’s decline as a world power?
2. Neglect of trade and industry
a. Spanish society placed a low value on trade and industry
b. young men were encouraged to become soldiers, clergy, or government workers
c. Ambitious Spaniards left the country looking for wealth and adventure.
d. When they kicked the Jews out the economic life began to decline. 

23. What caused Spain’s decline as a world power?
3. Changes in Agriculture
Food shortages started because farmers stopped farming due to erosion.
Land was used for grazing sheep which was profitable.

24. What caused Spain’s decline as a world power?
4. Dependence on colonial wealth.
Used money from the colonies to finance wars, buy food and merchandise, instead of investing at home.
This caused prices to skyrocket and left Spain dependent on its colonies.
With the Privateers capturing ships and the mines not producing enough silver, the kings kept spending as before.
By the middle of the 1600’s, Spain was poor and weak.

25. Spain’s leaders wanted both religious unity and national power
Spain’s leaders wanted both religious unity and national power. How did their pursuit of religious unity weaken Spain?
The lack of religious tolerance cost Spain many of its most productive citizens, and thus hurt the economy.

26. Objectives
Explain how Spanish power increased under Charles V and Phillip II.
Inherited power
Summarize how the arts flourished during Spain’s Golden Age.
Phillip II – patron of the arts
List why the Spanish economy declined in the 1600s.
1. War 2. Persecution 3. Religious intolerance 4. Persecution of Muslims and Jews

27. Key Terms Divine Right Armada Right to rule from God
Fleet of ships defeated by England

28. People/People Ferdinand and Isabella Charles V Phillip II
Persecuted religions to gain unity
Charles V
Inherited the Netherlands and named King of Spain
Phillip II
Government control/divine right
Miguel de Cervantes
Wrote Don Quixote
El Greco
“The Greek” artist in Spain’s Golden Age
Diego Velazquez
Court portraits

29. Era of Spanish Domination