1. THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF SENTENCES
Phrases and Clauses
THE BUILDING BLOCKS
OF SENTENCES

2. PHRASE
a group of words that does not have both a subject and a verb

3. CLAUSE
a group of words with both a subject & verb

4. What’s the difference between
a phrase & a clause?

5. INDEPENDENT CLAUSE
a complete thought that can stand alone

6. DEPENDENT CLAUSE
group of words with both a subject and verb; cannot stand alone or it is a fragment

7. Independent clauses = a foundation and the frame of the house.

8. dependent clauses = like the windows or doors (they enhance what is already there, but can’t function alone)

9. Independent & Dependent
Sentence Building
Independent & Dependent
Start constructing with
___________________.
Improve sentence structure by adding _____________________.

10. ADJECTIVE STARTERS 1) THAT DEPENDENT CLAUSES 2) WHO 3) WHOM 4) WHOSE
5) WHICH

11. EXAMPLES The dog who lives by me is nice.
The show that I watch is good.
Jerry Spinelli is the author who wrote Maniac McGee.

12. ADVERB STARTERS DEPENDENT CLAUSES after in order that until
although since when
as so that whenever
because than where
before though wherever
if unless while

13. Examples After I danced, … Because he was hungy,… Until I get an A+, …
When I get my new pony, …
Since I love SpongeBob, …

14. SENTENCE TYPES
SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMPLEX
COMPOUND-COMPLEX

15. one independent clause
SIMPLE SENTENCE
one independent clause
I like SpongeBob.

16. 2 or more independent clauses
COMPOUND
2 or more independent clauses
I like SpongeBob, and I like Plankton.

17. independent + dependent Because he makes me laugh,
COMPLEX
independent + dependent
Because he makes me laugh,
I like SpongeBob.

18. Dependent clause punctuation
Add a comma when a dependent clause starts a sentence
Because he makes me laugh,
I like SpongeBob.

19. Dependent clause punctuation
Do not use a comma when the dependent clause is not at the beginning of a sentence.
I like SpongeBob because he makes me laugh.

20. COMPOUND COMPLEX
2 INDEPENDENT +
1 DEPENDENT =

21. EXAMPLES
Because they make me laugh,
I like SpongeBob,
and I like Plankton.

22. Turn these into complex
_______________ , I eat it quite often.
________________, I was punished!
The dog, ______________, is stinky!

23. Turn these to compound I like dogs, but…
I don’t like that they shed hair!
Magicians love bunnies, and…
they hide them in their hats!

24. COMMAS AFTER INTRODUCTORY WORDS AFTER INTRODUCTORY PHRASES
AFTER INTRODUCTORY CLAUSES

25. Introductory Words Unfortunately, I love chocolate.
Therefore, I eat it often.
Also, I like ice cream.
But, I am allergic to it.
Thus, I should not eat it.
Once, I saw a Yettie.
Next, I saw Bigfoot.
Finally, I caught a leprechaun!

26. Introductory Phrases To be or not to be, that is the question.
Inside the small garden, there is a gnome.
(prep phrases of 4 or more)

27. Introductory Dependent Clauses
When I grow up, …
Before I become president, …
Since I am so short, …
Until I study for my test, …