1. Pesticides, People & Honey Bees

2. general term to kill pests
PESTICIDE –
general term to kill pests
INSECTICIDE-bees are insects
FUNGICIDE
HERBICIDE

3. PESTICIDE LABEL INFO
Toxicity
*User
*Pest

4. CAUTION
WARNING
DANGER

5. Rate / Direction Pests Controlled Effects on Beneficials
Other Information

6. Dry Forms Emulsions True Solutions Inert Solutions Spray Additives
FORMULATIONS
Dry Forms
Emulsions
True Solutions
Inert Solutions
Spray Additives

7. RISK =
TOXICITY X EXPOSURE

8. BEES
AND TOXICITY

9. What Do Bees Bring Into The Hive?
* POLLEN
* NECTAR
*PROPOLIS
*PESTICIDES

10. TOXICITY
* Acute Death
* Chronic Long-Term

11. LD50 .5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5 10 10 10 10 10

12. Now What Is The Safe Dosage?
* Look for chronic effects
* 1000x lower
lower rate
*Risk: Benefit level
* Not totally safe. Why?

13. Bees Like Other Organisms Have Systems To Breakdown
* Pesticides
* Phytotoxins

14. The Inventory Of Enzymes For Breakdown (Detox)
Honey Bees Have
Only About
1/3 To 1/2
The Inventory Of Enzymes For Breakdown (Detox)
As Other Insects

15. *Propolis – Antimicrobial -Activates Immune Genes
Gene To Produce “Detoxins” Must Be Activated
*P - Coumaric Acid
*Propolis – Antimicrobial
-Activates Immune Genes
*Others

16. *Capacity to detox chemicals reduced under cold conditions
The idea is to keep bees healthy to detoxify harmful compounds they are exposed to in the environment.
*Capacity to detox chemicals reduced under cold conditions

17. SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON BEES

18. BEHAVIORAL DISTURBANCES
* Disorientation in returning to the
hive
* Impaired memory & learning
* Delayed development of brood
* Decreased foraging activity
* Increased susceptibility to pests

19. Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD)
Cause: Unknown
Thoughts: Combination or pests, pathogens, pesticides, environment and other related factors.

20. How Do Producers & Beekeepers Help Protect Bees?
* Better Pesticide Usage
* Timing of application
* Choice of pesticides
* Knowing where hives are
* Locating the apiary
* Cooperation together

21. Pesticides, People & Honey Bees