1. Group Counseling: Concepts and Procedures
Chapter 5
Leadership Styles, Skills, and Functions
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2. Chapter Topics Introduction Group Leadership Styles
Interpersonal Skills Training
Group Leader Functions
Curative Factors
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3. Group Leadership Styles
Authoritarian
Democratic
Laissez-faire
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4. Interpersonal Skills Training
Facilitative Conditions
Empathy
Respect
Concreteness
Action Conditions
Genuineness
Confrontation
Immediacy
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5. Interpersonal Conditions Defined
Empathy: understanding both the feeling and meaning of the helpee’s expression and experience.
Additive empathy:
identification of the helpee’s behavior pattern,
the helpee’s feelings about self as a result of interaction with the environment,
the helpee’s expectations of self,
the helpee’s basic beliefs about self, and
incorporating the new feelings or reactions to new meanings.
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6. Interpersonal Conditions Defined
Respect: communicating back to the helpee a concern and regard for the helpee—his or her feelings, potentials, and experiences
Concreteness: guide and direct discussion into personally relevant material in specific and concrete terms
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7. Interpersonal Conditions Defined
Genuineness: helper expresses his or her honest feelings to the helpee in a constructive manner
At higher levels of genuineness, the helper indicates honest responses (either positive or negative) in a nondestructive way. The helper is being honest, spontaneous, and constructive.
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8. Interpersonal Conditions Defined
Confrontation: focuses upon helpee discrepancies
Types of confrontation include the following:
real versus ideal self,
insight versus action, and
helper versus helpee experience.
Modes of confrontation include the following:
experiential,
didactic,
confrontation to strength,
confrontation to weakness, and
encouragement to act.
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9. Interpersonal Conditions Defined
Immediacy: focuses on the “here-and-now” ongoing relationship between the helper and helpee
At additive levels, the helper relates the helpee’s responses to self either in a tentative manner or, at the highest levels, in a direct and explicit way.
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10. Group Leader Functions
Emotional Stimulation
Caring
Meaning Attribution
Executive Function
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11. Curative Factors (Yalom, 2005)
Imparting Information
Instillation of Hope
Universality
Altruism
Corrective Recapitulation of the Primary Family Group
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12. Curative Factors (Yalom, 2005, cont.)
Development of Socializing Techniques
Imitative Behavior
Interpersonal Learning
Cohesiveness
Catharsis
Existential Factors
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