1. 10th World Studies 3.16.17 A Revolution! None Today’s Agenda: HW:
Turn in:
SRP Process Packet—if you’re reading this and haven’t done it yet, you’re late…
Take out :
NOTES, NOTES, NOTES
Today’s Learning Objectives:
I can explain how governments were shifting around the world in the 19th & 20th Centuries.
Today’s Agenda:
A Revolution!
HW:
None

2. The Mexican Revolution
What’s their story of revolution?

3. Challenges of Independence
1833: Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna is Mexico’s President
1835: Stephen Austin leads a group of American’s in Tejas, who want to break away from Mexico, create independent Texas
Santa Anna wins early battles including the Alamo, but ultimately loses to Houston in : loses Mexican-American War
La Reforma
1854: Liberal reformer Benito Juarez leads Mexico after Santa Anna
Begins La Reforma causes conservatives to start a civil war (1857)
1862: Juarez and reformers win, but conservatives convince France to invade Mexico, 1864: Maximillian is Emperor of Mexico
1867: Juarez and Gen. Porfrio Diaz able to defeat French invaders

4. “Porfiriato”
Porfirio Díaz was one of the generals of the Liberal army who was President of Mexico from 1877 until 1911, a period known as the Porfiriato because the figure of Porfirio Díaz dominated it.
During this period, the economy grew; new railways and telephone networks were built; new banks opened; industry, mining, agriculture and commerce expanded. Major concessions led to foreign control over large sectors of the economy

5. Exiled The Porfiriato (1876-1911) #1 Porfirio Diaz
Pan
O Palo
#1 Porfirio Diaz
Pres after Juarez death, industrializes Mexico by encouraging foreign investment (esp. US)
Helps rich & church, little to help poor & Indians
Becomes a dictator
Exiled
1910: His opponent for the presidency Francisco Madero is jailed!
Madero escapes & starts Mexican Revolution.
1911: Madero helped by Emiliano Zapata & Pancho Villa, Diaz overthrown & goes into exile

6. Mexican Revolution: Madero & Huerta (1911-1915)
1911: #2 Francisco Madero is now President
Emiliano Zapata wants land reform, take land away from foreigners & wealthy and give it to peasants, Madero rejects idea
Zapata issues Plan de Ayala (remove Madero/enact land reform)
Pancho Villa arrested by Gen. Victoriano Huerta, Villa to be executed
Madero stops execution, Villa escapes from prison
1913: #3 Gen Huerta overthrows Madero, has Madero executed
Huerta runs country as a military dictatorship
Executed
Tierra y Libertad

7. General Victoriano Huerta
General Huerta established a military dictatorship in Mexico!
For almost 11 years, civil war raged across Mexico as various rebel groups fought for power.
The most important insurgent leaders of the Constitutionalist Movement were Venustiano Carranza, Francisco Villa, and Emiliano Zapata.

8. Emiliano Zapata
Emiliano Zapata wanted massive land reforms that were expressed in his motto “Reform, Freedom, Justice and Law!” which was shortened to “Tierra y Libertad” (Land and Liberty).

9. Pancho Villa
Pancho Villa led peasant rebels in the north and attacked the Federal Army.
  Villa lead and fought in a decades worth of battles for the cause with his army known as "The Dorados" (The Golden Boys).  The name was ironic considering that they were mostly makeshift Revolutionaries who were recruited from village to village where Villa and his men would pillage to have water, food and women.  During the course of the Revolution in Mexico, Villa seemed to be blessed never sustaining life threatening injuries.

10. Soldaderas March
Las Soldaderas were women "fighters" who made significant contributions to both the federal and rebel armies of the Mexican Revolution. Though few actually engaged in combat, their assistance to male soldiers in fighting the war were monumental.

11. The Mexican Revolution mobilized large segments of the population, both men and women. The Villista forces included railroad workers, cowboys, and townsfolk who took up arms against the army.

12. Huerta/the US/Carranza
Victoriano Huerta leads Mexico starting in February 18, 1913—overthrows Madero
US Intervenes for Standard Oil in April 21, 1914
Navy in Vera Cruz
US Backs Venustiano Carranza
Carranza becomes President in July 15, 1914.
Huerta is out of power and the US leaves but the chaos continues

13. Mexican Revolution: Carranza (1915-1920)
- Villa returns to Mexico to overthrow Huerta
- Villa joins w/ Zapata & Gen. Venustiano Carranza
- Huerta flees into exile – Villa & Carranza both want to be Pres
- 1915: US backs #4 Carranza, 1916: Villa robs & kills Americans in New Mexico
- Carranza allows US to send 5K troops under Gen. “Blackjack” Pershing into Mexico, Villa never caught
-1919:Zapata is tricked by Carranza supporter & killed
-1920:Carranza tries to fix election, killed by supporter of Alvaro Obregon
Exiled
Assassinated
Assassinated
Pedro Lascurain (45mins), After Huerta, Francisco Carvajal 1 month
Gen Pablo Gonzalez men ambush Zapata

14. Alvaro Obregon
Obregón defeated Pancho Villa’s cavalry in a series of bloody battles in 1915 and became president in  
Since 1920, with the Civil War over, a new “Revolutionary Elite” ruled Mexico. However, the Revolution had devastated the nation. 1.5 million were killed, major industries destroyed, ranching and farming were disrupted.

15. Mexican Revolution: Obregon & Calles (1920-1928)
-1920: #5 Alvaro Obregon wins next election
-Villa given amnesty by Mexican Govt but assassinated 3 years later
-Obregon has support of Army & peasants, has fair relations w/ Church
-Leaves w/o violence, supports Plutarco Calles for Presidency
- 1924: #6 Plutarco Calles founds Mexico’s PRI , fights w/ US over oil
-Poor relations with Church (Christero War)
-Doesn’t seek reelection, allowing Obregon to run
-1928: Obregon wins election but is assassinated by Catholic militant
Assassinated
Assassinated

16. July 20, 1923 Villa Assassinated

17. Revolutionary Results
Some Real Changes:
1917 Mexican Constitution
Land reforms, limited foreign ownership of key resources
Guaranteed rights of workers
restrictions on clerical education and church ownership of property
educational reforms
Workers organized and were represented in government

18. General Lazaro Cardenas, US and Britain

19. General Lazaro Cardenas, US and Britain
General Lazaro Cardenas Completes the Revolution after 1934 when he nationalized oil on March 18, 1938.
The US and the British protest
Economic Imperialism

20. General Lazaro Cardenas
His government carried out considerable land reform, he reorganized labor, and, most significant of all, he nationalized the oil industry.
After Cardenas, the pace of reforms slowed. Although Mexico is a democracy, one party has dominated the country since 1929 until very recently.
Petroleos Mexicanos

21. The Mexican Revolution
Loses War
Overthrown
The Mexican Revolution
What happened to the
leaders?
Exiled
Assassinated
Executed
Assassinated
Exiled
Assassinated
Assassinated