1. Nouns
table
Mt. SAC
dog
victor
Los Angeles
shoes
homework
candy
car

2. Possessive Nouns
Jerry’s
Kathy’s
cat’s
Peter’s
Joe and Molly’s

3. Object Pronouns me
you
him
her it
them us

4. Possessive Pronouns my
your
his
her
its
their
our

5. Adjectives easy important heavy dedicated honest free Elegant lonely
compassionate
lazy
talkative
happy
responsible
messy
impossible
talented

6. Prepositions to of by at in on
for
with
between
among
against
about

7. to + base form to work to study to love
Infinitives
to + base form
to work
to study
to love

8. Infinitives as Subjects
Infinitives can be used as subject of sentences.
To dance professionally is her dream.
To play with guns is dangerous.
However, it is used more often.
It is her dream to dance professionally.
It is dangerous to play with guns.

9. Infinitives as objects
Infinitives can be the objects of the verbs.
Students promised to do their homework.
Did Steve decide to work overtime?
Have you ever needed to borrow money?
Jane didn’t want to marry young.
David can’t wait to visit Africa.

10. You need to learn by heart the verbs that are followed by infinitives.
Check your book on A-3
You need to learn by heart the verbs that are followed by infinitives.
agree choose expect forget
learn promise plan would like
refuse pretend intend would love

11. Noun + Infinitive Ken convinced Nicole to marry him.
Vincent wanted his wife to work part-time.
I didn’t have time to call you.
Alan has the talent to become a famous painter.
Tony promised his parents to visit them
soon.

12. Object Pronouns + Infinitives
Did your parents allow you to date when you were fifteen?
My boss needs me to work over-time.
Susan is crazy about John. She would like him to ask her out.
Kathy’s husband doesn’t work at all. He expects her to support him.

13. Adjectives + Infinitives
I am delighted to see you again.
Are you determined to learn English?
Rosie was sad to break up with Tom.
Students are always eager to take a break.
The plane was ready to leave when the flight was cancelled.

14. Negative Infinitives not + infinitive
We decided not to watch the news.
The thief was careful not to leave
evidence in the crime scene.

15. Infinitives in a Series
There is no need to repeat to when you have more than one infinitive in a sentence.
Kathy needs to read, write and speak in
English at her job.
Fred tries not to be late and leave early.

16. Infinitives are used to explain the purpose of an action
People exercise to feel and look better.
Why are you here?
I’m here to improve my English.

17. Verb + ing working studying learning
Gerunds
Verb ing
working
studying
learning

18. Gerunds as Subjects Gerunds are used as subjects of sentences.
Going to concerts is exciting.
Smoking was popular in the 60’s.
Cooking international food is fun.
Eating junk makes me sick.

19. Do you enjoy watching people dance?
Gerunds as Objects
Gerunds can be the objects of the verbs.
Do you enjoy watching people dance?
Robert quit drinking and smoking.
Have you ever postponed studying?

20. You need to learn by heart the verbs that are followed by gerunds.
Check your book on A-2
You need to learn by heart the verbs that are followed by gerunds.
enjoy finish imagine put off
avoid consider keep deny
practice postpone dislike quit

21. Possessives + Gerunds Possessive Noun Possessive Pronoun
We like my father’s cooking.
Rosie doesn’t tolerate Mike’s snoring.
Possessive Pronoun
Michael is a heavy drinker. His wife hates his drinking habits.

22. Prepositions + Gerunds
Gerunds can be objects of prepositions.
By exercising and eating a healthy diet,
Alan stays in shape.
Jerry insisted on moving to Texas.
Edward bought a car because he was tired
of taking the bus.

23. Negative Gerunds not + gerund
Christopher and Jessica talked about not getting married in June.
Not having a job is stressful.

24. Infinitive or
Gerund?

25. Some verbs are followed by gerunds or infinitives and the meaning is the same.
Joe likes to fish.
It began to rain.
Do you hate to get up early?
Joe likes fishing.
It began raining.
Do you hate getting up early?

26. Some verbs are followed by gerunds or infinitives and the meaning is different.
stop
remember
forget

27. stop stop + gerund = to quit an activity
stop + infinitive = to quit one activity in order to do another
Bob was fixing his car, but he stopped to smoke.
(Bob stopped working on his car because he wanted to smoke.)
stop + gerund = to quit an activity
Bob had a heart attack, so he stopped smoking.
(Bob doesn’t smoke anymore.)

28. remember (First James remembered. Then he locked the door.)
remember + infinitive = to remember something and then do it.
James remembered to lock the door.
(First James remembered. Then he locked the door.)
remember + gerund = remember that something happened earlier.
James remembered locking the door.
(First James locked the door. Then he remembered he did it.)

29. forget (Steve didn’t pay his bills.)
forget + infinitive = not to do an activity you
are expected to do
Steve forgot to pay his bills.
(Steve didn’t pay his bills.)
forget + gerund = you do an activity, but later you don’t remember the event
Steve forgets paying his bills.
(Steve pays his bills, but he doesn’t remember that he pays them.)

30. Forget, Remember, Stop
1. She forgot to bring her purse, so I lent her ten dollars. 2. Do you remember to pack your glasses. You won’t be able to read without them. 3. James was tired, so he stop driving. 4. Do you remember getting in trouble when you were a kid? 5. Stop bothering me. I’m trying to study. 6. The teacher always says, “Remember to do your homework. 7. When the test starts, the students stop talking. 8. You should remember to use capital letters with the days of the week.

31. Forget, Remember, Stop
9. I didn’t do well on the last idioms quiz because I forgot to study. 10. When I learn more English, I will stop using my dictionary so much. 11. When you are tired of studying, stop to take a break. 12. Will you remember to do your homework tonight? 13. Do you remember learning the gerunds and infinitives last semester? 14. Mark is mad at me because I forgot to call him. 15. I saw my friend in the hallway, and I stopped to speak to her. 16. I remember not understanding English a few months ago.

32. Complete these sentences about yourself.
Before coming to the
United States………….…
I dreamed about
I planned on
I looked forward to
I worried about
I was interested in
After coming to the
United States…………….
I am proud of
I have adjusted to
I often complain about
I think about
I’m capable of

33. Verb + Infinitive Talk about your plans. Use the verbs below.
plan / study
would like / find
decide / travel
want / see
expect / live
try / learn how
intend / buy
volunteer / help
need / save
hope / become

34. Summary Gerunds Infinitives 1. Subject
Traveling abroad has been my dream.
2. Possessive noun
I enjoy Alan’s singing and dancing.
3. Possessive pronouns:
(my, your, his, her, its, our, their)
I can’t tolerate his drinking.
4. Preposition
Who is interested in working here?
5. Object of the verb
avoided
considered
Alan kept driving.
didn’t mind
enjoyed
Infinitives
1. Subject
To become an actor was his dream.
2. Noun
Peter invited Rosie to dance.
3. Object Pronouns:
(me, you, him, her, it, us, them)
Molly asked me to give her a ride.
4. Adjective
I am always happy to see you.
5. Purpose
They went dancing to relax.
6. Object of the verb.
didn’t want
needed
Alan plans to study.
decided
promised

35. Review Gerund and Infinitive
would like on
pretend
angry
finish
school
promise
agree
seem
them
learn
can’t afford
Mike’s to
prefer
before
mean
our
love
happy
keep
choose

36. learn
enjoy
hope
consider
begin
hate
feel like
like
would like
refuse
finish
seem
try
avoid
can’t afford
look forward to
postpone
mind
mean
detest
offer
agree
forget
miss
keep
continue

37. offer
cold me
need
avoid by
consider
music
plan
wish
sick
try
expect
admit
refuse
dog
mind at
start
postpone
forget
heavy
decide
his
like
offer

38. mean
decide
need
want
pretend
promise
quit
learn
prefer
love
stop
avoid
hope
mind
start
enjoy
postpone
refuse
avoid
plan
wish
admit
expect

39. refuse
learn
consider
offer
seem
remember
avoid
practice
hope
wish
plan
agree
begin
start
finish
forget
postpone
seem
mind
hate
wish
like

40. Review Gerund, Infinitive , Base Form
love
enjoy
make him
impossible at
stop
plan
help us
finish
agree
eager
his of
let David
forget
them
their
has them
postpone
continue

41. Review Gerund, Infinitive , Base Form
you
remember
have you
father
Joe’s
want
make her
dislike
hate
seem
mind
lucky
let the students
him
get me
avoid us
help them
begin