1. FLEX Sept. 16th
Today you will be allowed to flex out to another teacher for help if you have a pass.
I will have students testing in here, so if you are in here, then you need to be working quietly.
You may listen to your music, but no talking during this time. Thank you.

2. Part I: Salem Witch Trials
The Crucible
Part I: Salem Witch Trials
Sept. 16, 2014
Do Now Review Questions: Write at the bottom of your notes from last week.
1) Who was John Proctor? What happened to him?
2) Who was George Burroughs? What happened to him?
3) Based on our discussion, why do you think that Tituba, Sarah Osborne and Sarah Good were accused of being witches?
Why didn’t people stand up against the witch hunts?

3. Sept. 16th Objective: SWBAT
understand the history of the Salem Witch Trials in preparation for reading The Crucible.
EQ: Why is history necessary in studying literature?
Agenda
Do now and review
Finish video. Have out your notes, so I can check them during this time.
Finish guided video questions. Hand in before you leave.

4. Part I: Salem Witch Trials
The Crucible
Part I: Salem Witch Trials
Sept. 15, 2014
Do Now Review Questions: Write at the bottom of your notes from last week.
1) What was the relationship like between the Native Americans and the Puritans?
2) What inexplicable event happened to Betty Parris, Abigail Williams, and some of the other girls in the town?
3) What diagnosis did the doctors give to explain what was wrong with the girls?

5. Part I: Salem Witch Trials
The Crucible
Part I: Salem Witch Trials

6. Overview: Salem, MA Settled mainly by Puritans in 1626
They left England so they could practice religious freedom
Their strict religious beliefs often guided their daily lives
Feuded with the Native Americans in a frontier war
Most known for the Salem Witch Trials of 1692
Nickname: “The Witch City”
Witch museums, etc. as tourism industry *

7. Puritans arriving in Massachusetts

8. Salem Witch Trials
Occurred from June through September of 1692 in Salem
Townspeople were in a state of hysteria about witches/evil and started accusations.
Some might have actually been believers, but some might have accused for personal gain.
Look at your notes from yesterday to remind yourself what a Puritan is. *

9. The Casualties
Nineteen men and women were put to death for witchcraft.
One man, Giles Corey, was also pressed to death.

10. Salem Witch Trials Why did this travesty occur? Why in Salem?
It was a combination of an ongoing frontier war with the Native Americans, economic and congregational rivalry, teenage boredom, and personal jealousies.
Look at your notes from yesterday to remind yourself what a Puritan is. *

11. The Facts
Samuel Parris, a new pastor was invited by John Putnam to preach at the Village church and moved from Barbados to Salem with his wife Elizabeth, daughter Betty, niece Abigail Williams, and servant Tituba

12. The Facts
During this same time period, two prominent families were competing for control of the village and its church – the Putnams and the Porters.

13. The Facts
In Salem, Betty Parris and Abigail Williams became inexplicably ill
Fever, extreme pain, running around the house, hallucinating
Soon, more children in Salem became ill with the same symptoms
Ann Putnam, Mercy Lewis, Mary Walcott
Doctors were called in to find the reason for this sickness

14. But…
Doctors couldn’t explain illnesses that children & young girls seemed to have, so they defaulted to “witchcraft.”
The townspeople were easily convinced.
Townspeople decided to arrest the servant, Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne – None of whom were liked by the townspeople

15. The Arrests Begin
Sarah Good was a beggar and social outcast who lived wherever someone would house her.
Osborn was an old woman who hadn’t gone to church for over year and who quarreled regularly with people in town
Tituba was a South American servant – this exotic background made her a natural target to the Puritans who feared “different”

16. It continues…
More and more people were arrested and charged with witchcraft including a Bridget Bishop, an old tavern owner where patrons could drink and play games, even on the Sabbath (holy day),
It was claimed that these women had transformed themselves into specters (ghosts) and cats in order to steal and wreak havoc on the townspeople.

17. It continues…
Even those who voiced an opinion against the witch hysteria were put on trial and executed, including John Proctor who was hanged for openly denouncing the witch hunt.

18. It continues…
But, the death that caused the most unease in the town was of George Burroughs, a former minister of the town, was accused. He was hanged.

19. Why did this happen? People were suspicious/fearful
A book about witchcraft had just been published by Cotton Mather
People were at war with Native Americans
Death/evil were on the mind of many (because of fighting and disease)
Puritan culture easily accepted the devil as the source of evil/wrong in life
Students respond to the question on their guided notes: What is the benefit of blaming something/someone like the devil (or even God)? What is the problem with this? *

20. Other Explanations Teenagers in town were bored and got carried away
Dancing, flirting, etc. not allowed at all
Some researchers today think a contamination of food could have caused the first hallucinations
Some of the accusers were jealous people
An easy way to get rid of people they didn’t like!
General sense of depression in town
Not a lot of wealth/happiness/freedom
Respond to question: Which of these explanations is the most believable to you? Why? *

21. The Crucible
Part II: Play Overview

22. Part II: Play Overview Written in the 1950s: premiered in NYC 1953
Playwright: Arthur Miller
Focuses on residents of Salem, MA 1692 as a way to highlight what was going on during his own time.
Issues: greed, guilt, motivation, morality, sin, pride, love, identity
We will focus on each of these bullets as we go through the slideshow *

23. Overview: Arthur Miller
Born in 1915 in New York City
His father’s business failed because of the Depression
Family moved around a lot because of poverty
Attended the University of Michigan
Dad had a garment manufacturing business.
Explain Depression *

24. Overview: Arthur Miller
Returned to NYC after graduating college
No luck with writing!
Finally had a play of his on Broadway
All My Sons (1947)
In 1949, wrote Death of a Salesman
His first play, “The Man Who Had All the Luck,” received horrible reviews. *

25. Overview: Arthur Miller
Married Marilyn Monroe
Divorced after a few years
Had three wives altogether
Wrote The Crucible in the early 1950s
Was accused of being a Communist
Died in 2005
Communism: a type of government that believes everyone should chip in equally and get equal benefits (from each according to his ability, to each according to his need).
Why bad? Russia and China; also, execution of ideal is difficult *

26. Part III: Historical Context
The Crucible
Part III: Historical Context

27. The Appeals of Communism
America’s Great Depression left people upset about the American government
Everyone deserves basics (food, clothing)
Communism offers that promise
1939: 50,000 Americans were members of the Communist party.

28. Then, World War II Begins
1941: America begins fighting against Germany (and others)
Communism was seen as “un-American” because of the surge in patriotism
End of War led the the US’s emergence as a world power

29. America vs. The Soviet Union
The Soviet Union was its main competition +
The Soviet Union was Communist
= Communism seen to be evil

30. Red: color of Communism
The “Red Scare” Begins
Red: color of Communism

31. Enter: Joseph McCarthy and the HUAC

32. HUAC HUAC: House Committee of Un-American Activities
This committee questioned Americans who were suspected of being Communists
They summoned thousands of people to testify
Goal: to get as many names of “Communists” as possible

33. Joseph McCarthy The ruthless head of the HUAC
Claimed he had a list of 205 Communists who worked for the US Government
Was the ringleader of the Red Scare
Video: McCarthyism

34. Who Was Suspected of Being a Communist?
Filmmakers, directors, actors were accused of attending communist meetings
Certain politicians were also targeted
These people had two options:
Admit to being a Communist and tell McCarthy names of other people who attended Communist meetings OR
Refuse to admit anything (or rat out others) and be blacklisted
Can’t get work if blacklisted

35. Arthur Miller
Video: The Hollywood Ten

36. “The Crucible” and Communism
Allegory: work of literature that tells one story on the surface while referring to another sub textually
Comparing the play to the Red Scare
Can you see how these historical events are similar to those of the Salem Witch Trials?

37. Part IV: Character Introduction
The Crucible
Part IV: Character Introduction

38. Character Introduction
Abigail Williams:
Leader of the group of girls
Orphan raised by Uncle (Reverend)
Had an affair with married John Proctor & still in love with him
Used to work for the Proctors
Smart, manipulative, jealous

39. Character Introduction
John Proctor:
Farmer
Married, but had an affair with Abigail
Proud and (usually) honest
Seen as a leader and upstanding citizen

40. Character Introduction
Goody (Elizabeth) Proctor:
John Proctor’s wife
Moral and honest
Sometimes seen as “cold” and unloving
Had been physically ill when husband was having affair

41. Character Introduction
The Girls:
Betty Parris: Young daughter of the town minister
Ruth Putnam: Only surviving daughter of wealthy, greedy landowners
Mary Warren: meek, now housekeeper for the Proctors

42. Character Introduction
Reverend Parris:
Town minister
Paranoid
Concerned with what others think of him- much of the town does not support him & criticize his focus on money

43. Character Introduction
John Hale:
“Expert” on witchcraft
Asked to come to Salem for his knowledge
Intelligent and logical
Depends on the knowledge of books

44. Character Introduction
Tituba:
Slave from Barbados
Performs voodoo
Friend / caretaker to Betty & Abigail

45. Other Characters Giles Corey: Rebecca Nurse
Older man who is a rabble-rouser
Files lawsuits frequently- esp. against neighbors the Putnams
His wife, Martha, is also outspoken and likes to read
Rebecca Nurse
Kind, older woman accused of witchcraft
Very moral and sensible