1. ADVANCES IN RF BIOEFFECT MECHANISMS
Quirino Balzano*, Asher Sheppard†, Mays Swicord‡
*University of Maryland, ECE Dept., College Park, MD,
20742, USA
†Asher Sheppard Consulting, Redlands, CA, 92373, USA
‡ Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33304, USA

2. DEMODULATION OF LOW FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE MODULATED RF CARRIERS BY LIVING CELLS OR TISSUE

3. TYPES OF L.F. AMPL. MOD. OF RF CARRIERS
SIMPLE ANALOG AMPLITUDE MOD. USED IN AM BROADCAST (FOR NOW)
DIGITAL MOD (PSK,FSK,ASK)
PULSE MOD. (PWM, PCM,PAM,ADPCM)
COMBINATIONS OF ABOVE & QUADRATATURE MODULATION
ENGINEERS HAVE FAILED

4. GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF LF AM RF CARRIERS
RF>> AM
RF=2fRF; fRF MHz to GHz range
AM=2fAM; fAM Hz to 20 kHz range

5. EXAMPLE: PAM
AM =2/ TAM
TAM
RF CARRIER RF

6. CAN LIVING TISSUE / CELLS DEMOD. RF CARRIERS ?
IN PRINCIPLE: YES
CELL MEMBRANES SEPARATE TWO LAYERS OF OPPOSITE CHARGES. DIODES OR Voltage Controlled Capacitors
WHICH RF LEVELS CAUSE SIGNALS DETACTABLE BY CELL?
LF DEMOD. VOLTAGE HIGH ENOUGH.
CELL : NOISY LF ENVIRONMENT

7. CURRENTS AND FIELDS IN LIVING TISSUE
DATA of
Dr. JOHN BERGERON, PHYSIOLOGIST.

8. Thresh. Fibrillation in Dog
Diastolic Stimulation Dog
Threshold Stimulation
Nerve or Muscle Cells
(J1,J2) Fluctuation in Nerve Impulses

9. NEEDED DEMODULATED INTERNAL SIGNALS
E-FIELDS >100 mV/m
VOLTAGE ACROSS MEMBRANE > 10-8 V
(100 nm membrane thickness )

10. ADVANCED METHOD OF DEMOD. DETECTION
PRACTICALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO MEASURE DEMOD. LF E-FIELD.
SQUARE NONLINEARITY GIVES
2RF and L.F.
2RF SIGNAL EASY TO DETECT
DEVICE TO SUPPORT RF AND 2 RF.

11. DOUBLY RESONANT CAVITY
Point out the two antennas

12. SAMPLE SUPPORTS Shelf made of low dielectric loss Lexan Sample between
two cover slips in
Petri dish
3 cm Diameter

13. DOUBLY RESONANT CAVITY
Cavity Length = 27.4 cm Weight ~ 10 kg
Cavity ID= 24.9 cm Cavity OD= cm
Excitation at 887 MHz with loop antenna
Detection at 1774 MHz with loop antenna
Actively excited mode TE111 (887 MHz)
Passively excited mode TE113 (1774 MHz)
Power = 0 dBm (CW)
SAR= 1W/kg 100 L
DOUBLY RESONANT CAVITY

14. RESULTS TO DATE TWO ATTEMPTS TO DETECT NONLINEARITY
1) IN HF19 HUMAN FIBROBLASTS
NO 2RF DETEC. AT –144 dBW.
E-FIELD ~ 0.1 mV/m;
VOLTAGE ~ V
80dB BELOW CELL EXCITATION

15. RESULTS TO DATE 2) IN RAT BRAIN SLICES NO 2RF DETECTED AT -165 dBW
E-FIELD ~ 10-2 mV/m;
VOLTAGE~10-13 V.
100 dB BELOW CELL EXCITATION

16. Thresh. Fibrillation in Dog
Diastolic Stimulation Dog
Threshold Stimulation
Nerve or Muscle Cells
(J1,J2) Fluctuation in Nerve Impulses

17. DIODE IN THE CAVITY 2RF –129 dBW NO LEADS (||E-F.)
MICROMETRICS, Inc MZB600-CS mm Leads
2RF –112 dBW LEADS||E-FIELD
NO DECT 2RF LEADSE-FIELD
2RF –129 dBW NO LEADS (||E-F.)
CAN DETECT NONLIN. DEMOD.

18. CONCLUDING REMARKS
PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS DO NOT SUPPORT HYPOTHESIS OF BIOEFFECTS FROM DEMOD. OF ENVIRONMENTAL RF SIGNALS
MORE EVIDENCE IS NEEDED BEFORE CLOSING THIS ISSUE
EXTENSIVE EXPERIMENTS AT HPA (UK) ON CELLS AND TISSUE SLICES

19. COOPERATION WITH UK’S HEALTH PROTECTION AGENCY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CAVITY DESIGN PROJECT SUPPORTED BY UK’S MOBILE TELEPHONE HEALTH RESERCH (MTHR)
COOPERATION WITH UK’S HEALTH PROTECTION AGENCY

20. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION ANY QUESTIONS?

21. VERY GOOD QUESTIONS! THANK YOU!