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Simple Squamous Epithelium
LOCATIONS: Mesothelia
lining pleural, pericardial,
and peritoneal cavities;
endothelia lining heart
and blood vessels; portions
of kidney tubules (thin
sections of nephron loops);
inner lining of cornea;
alveoli of lungs
FUNCTIONS: Reduces
friction; controls vessel
permeability; performs
absorption and secretion
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Connective tissue
Lining of peritoneal cavity
LM × 238 a
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3. Stratified Squamous Epithelium
LOCATIONS: Surface of
skin; lining of mouth, throat,
esophagus, rectum, anus,
and vagina
FUNCTIONS: Provides physical
protection against abrasion,
pathogens, and chemical attack
Squamous
superficial cells
Stem cells
Basement
membrane
Connective
tissue
Surface of tongue
LM × 310 b

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Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
LOCATIONS: Glands; ducts;
portions of kidney tubules;
thyroid gland
FUNCTIONS: Limited protection,
secretion, absorption
Connective
tissue
Nucleus
Cuboidal
cells
Basement
membrane
Kidney tubule
LM × 650 a
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5. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
LOCATIONS: Lining of some ducts
(rare)
FUNCTIONS: Protection, secretion,
absorption
Lumen
of duct
Stratified
cuboidal cells
Basement
membrane
Nucleus
Connective
tissue
Sweat gland duct
LM × 500 b

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Transitional Epithelium
LOCATIONS: Urinary
bladder; renal pelvis;
ureters
FUNCTIONS: Permits
repeated cycles of
stretching without
damage
Epithelium
(not stretched)
Basement membrane
Empty bladder
Connective tissue and
smooth muscle layers
LM × 400
(stretched)
Full bladder
Urinary bladder c
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7. Loose connective tissue
Simple Columnar Epithelium
LOCATIONS: Lining of
stomach, intestine, gallbladder,
uterine tubes, and collecting
ducts of kidneys
FUNCTIONS:
Protection,
secretion,
absorption
Microvilli
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Intestinal lining
Basement
membrane
Loose connective tissue
LM × 350 a
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8. Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithelium
LOCATIONS: Lining of
nasal cavity, trachea, and
bronchi; portions of male
reproductive tract
FUNCTIONS: Protection,
secretion, move mucus
with cilia
Cilia
Cytoplasm
Nuclei
Basement
membrane
Loose connective
tissue
Trachea
LM × 350 b

9. Stratified Columnar Epithelium
LOCATIONS: Small areas of
the pharynx, epiglottis, anus,
mammary glands, salivary
gland ducts, and urethra
FUNCTION: Protection
Lumen
Loose
connective tissue
Deeper cells
Superficial
columnar cells
Cytoplasm
Nuclei
Salivary gland duct
Basement
membrane
LM × 175 c

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4-9 Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Cells are long, cylindrical,
striated, and multinucleate.
LOCATIONS: Combined
with connective tissues
and neural tissue in
skeletal muscles
FUNCTIONS: Moves or
stabilizes the position of
the skeleton; guards
entrances and exits to the
digestive, respiratory, and
urinary tracts; generates
heat; protects internal
organs
Striations
Nuclei
Muscle
fiber
Skeletal muscle
LM × 180 a
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Smooth Muscle Tissue
Cells are short, spindle
shaped, and nonstriated,
with a single, central
nucleus.
LOCATIONS: Found in
the walls of blood vessels
and in digestive, respiratory,
urinary, and reproductive organs
FUNCTIONS: Moves food,
urine, and reproductive
tract secretions; controls
diameter of respiratory
passageways; regulates
diameter of blood vessels
Nuclei
Smooth
muscle
cells
Smooth muscle
LM × 235 c
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Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Nuclei
Cardiac
muscle
cells
Intercalated
discs
Cells are short, branched,
and striated, usually with a
single nucleus; cells are
interconnected by
intercalated discs.
LOCATION: Heart
FUNCTIONS: Circulates
blood; maintains
blood pressure
Striations
Cardiac muscle
LM × 450 b
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