1. S. Claudet (TE-CRG) On behalf of WP9 team
HL-LHC Cryogenics, Update on alternatives for P4, getting towards decision for baseline/alternative(1-2)
S. Claudet (TE-CRG)
On behalf of WP9 team
TCC#33, Update 13 July 2017
Following TCC#28-13Apr’17, TCC#20-03Nov’16

2. HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update
Content
Introduction, where did we stand with this
News: Status of 2nd feasibility study
Decision process (Recall) based on Cooling requirements and possible upgrades
Summary
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

3. P4 - Cryodistribution basic schematics
QRL
Back-up
QUI
Interconnection Box
400
HiLumi Baseline
QUIF
Number ?
Position ?
Ph1
Ph2 ?
Ref.
Feasibility to be checked for smaller upgrade of 34
No modification of what works (cost, performance)
QRL
HiLumi alternative 2
Would allow to proceed when needs defined
To be added when required
400
400
400
400
To be added when required
Cryoplant with margin recovered from P5 (future dedicated cryoplant)
Cryoplant to be upgraded to cope with ½ RF needs
Ref.
Ref.
QUI
Interconnection Box
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

4. Alternative scenarios to cool the SRF modules at point 4
For a useful cooling capacity of 2 4.5 K ✓ ✓ ?
Baseline
Alternative 1
Alternative 2
upgraded
(+19%)
After upgrade, the refrigerator margin aligned to the other plants
upgraded
(+14%)
(+7%)
Possible w/o major upgrade
NEW
S3- 4
S4-5
Excludes photo-electron effect
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

5. HL-LHC cryogenics master schedule
Major HL-LHC Cryo activities
(SPS-BA6 on tracks, in parallel with SM18 activities)
Cham’17
P4-RF:
=> Tests to be made in March’17 (away from critical path) to confirm capacity
=> Decision baseline/alternative by end of 2016 (2017-Q2) for
=> Then specification work 2017-Q3, contracts by end’2017 (early 2018)
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

6. HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update
Content
Introduction, where did we stand with this
News: Status of 2nd feasibility study
Decision process (Recall) based on Cooling requirements and possible upgrades
Summary
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

7. HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update
Feasibility study
Technical requirements and deliverables specified (EDMS_ )
Request: , and ONLY if not possible
Variant 1: with decreased loads for thermal shields
Variant 2: maxi possible (<2kW)
Variant 3: with new 50m cryoline return at 4.5K (would be easy for Refrigerator, not standard for LHC and not yet studied-integrated)
Preliminary evaluation by industrial contractor (Linde) prior to commercial proposal
Done with senior expert familiar with this particular plant history
Order being launched this week
Preliminary report by end of June’17
Final report in July’17
Dedicated study purchased from manufacturer
- Definition of needs and boundary conditions
- Process study, with identification of major changes required
- Budget estimate
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

8. Feedback on cooling capacity
Impressive creativity demonstrated with 5 options identified
Yes we can !
But, delicate pipe work and welding to be done on site
+ Specific process features to be clarified: Heat Exchanger data changed somewhere between LEP12-LEP18-LHC-HiLumi
Most simple or realistic, could seriously be envisaged
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

9. HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update
P4 Linde Lower Cold Box
Expansion turbines
~ 20 K
LHe phase separator
Heat exchangers
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

10. P4 Linde Lower Cold Box Pipe work necessary
New type of turbines, increased efficiency
Pipe work necessary
- Process proposed to match our specification ✓ (under final validation by our expert, incl. verification of heat exchanger data)
- Engineering & technical feasibility under final evaluation ---
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

11. Linde 12-18kW Lower Cold-Box
3D model of internal piping (picture 25 yrs ago)
Valve actuators
Turbines
LHe phase separator
Cryolines interfaces
Heat exchangers
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

12. Linde Upper & Lower cold boxes in SD
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

13. Lower Cold Box after LHC upgrade
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

14. Linde latest statement
Based on serious studies (and time) for present engineers to get familiar with this unusual type of work
Thank you very much for your positive feedback on the draft version of our engineering study.
Meanwhile we have already got some promising input from our senior design engineer and our earlier doubts of doing certain mechanical modification on site are resolved partly. The prevailing space for doing the modification work in the boxes is still critical but seems not impossible.
We will continue finalizing the study with the expected cost and will send to you our revised draft version as anticipated by mid/end of July.
This 2nd draft version can be the base for a clarification meeting after summer as suggested by you.
Please feel free to propose a suitable date as soon as you are ready with evaluating our study.
It is not easy, but it could be done !
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

15. HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update
Content
Introduction, where did we stand with this
News: Status of 2nd feasibility study
Decision process (Recall) based on Cooling requirements and possible upgrades
Summary
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

16. LHC RF cooling capacity
LHC intensity ramp-up 2016 (April-May-June)
Cham’17
GHe exhaust valves
TS1 PS P8
LHe supply valves
April
May
June
Pilot beams
>2000 Bunches
=> We can conclude that cooling capacity is independent from beam intensity
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

17. HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update
“Cham.” 2005
Complements since Cham’17, with input from RF-ABP
1 MV
1.3 MV
2 MV
3 MV
4 MV
3.575
42 W
LHC so far
Conditioning
HiLumi ?
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

18. HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update
Dear Philippe
For HLLHC we are assuming 16 MV as nominal voltage.
Any possibility to operate at larger voltage (up to nominal: 16 MV) and larger longitudinal emittance (same bunch length) might be interesting even during Run 2.
I think Elias mentioned that last year and discussed with Elena and you at one of the LBOC meetings
Cheers
Gianluigi
_____________________________________________
Subject: RE: Chamonix, operation RF LHC
Hello Serge
In 2016 the RF was operated at 1.25 MV/cavity for protons and 1.75 MV/cav for Pb (in physics). In previous years we have operated with 1.5 MV/cavity in p-p. The "nominal" voltage in physics was 2 MV/cavity in the LHC design report (16 MV/beam). We may operate at 2 MV/cavity in HiLumi. So the cryo upgrade must cover operation at  2 MV/cavity "comfortably".
During conditioning in SM18, the RF gradient was pushed to 10 MV/m, resulting in ~3.5 MV (dixit Roberto Losito. I was not present...). So far, in the machine we have conditioned at 2+ MV only as the cavities were operated below that level in physics. If we go for 2 MV/cavity in physics, the conditioning should be pushed somewhat above 2 MV. So the cryo plan must have a margin for RF conditioning above 2 MV.
With the new  "Full Detuning" scheme, the limit is not the RF power anymore. So we could use more voltage if needed. The hard limit is what gradient the cavity can live at reliably in physics. Although the HiLumi parameters do not plan to operate above 2 MV/cavity, it would be ideal to dimension the cryo for the maximum voltage possible for the cavities.  Karl Shirm (in cc) is on charge of the cavities. I leave it to him to specify the "safe" operational (physics) voltage limit, and how much above 2 MV we expect to condition at.
I also cc Elena and Gianluigi. They may wish to comment on the possible operational voltages in HiLumi physics.
Cheers, Philippe
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

19. Cooling capacity for LHC-RF
Our best guess so far:
3 x 330W or 2x400W+200W
LHC so far
HiLumi ?
=> Design requirements to be clarified/confirmed
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

20. Parametric Study RF heat load vs Upgrade
New
Model v3
Since Cham’17
A moderate upgrade of Ref._34 would do the job )
S3-4
S4-5
HL-LHC Alternative 2
With our present heat-load model:
56 – 45
81 – 12 (45*)
67 – 34 (34*)
23 – 78
*: alternative 2
Includes +15% operational margin on RF heat loads.
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

21. HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update
Summary
As presented at Chamonix 2017:
For the upgrade of existing refrigerators at P4, a 1st feasibility study demonstrated the possibility. A 2nd study is about to be completed. Modification of the Cryogenic distribution line (QRL) will only be done on purpose when decision taken where to put new RF cavities (feasible as copy/paste of existing service modules)
Decision by this summer (before 21st Sept. ) for work to be done at LS2
We are now more confident that the 2nd feasibility upgrade will provide a positive outcome before this summer (Project strategy considering RF needs to be confirmed)
A bit of Not much time left before the Go – NoGo limit for work to be done at LS2, but worth the effort considering gains on services
Plan B: LHC Run 3 does not need extra capacity at LHC-P4, and if really necessary we could install new cryoplant and cryolines at LS3, with resources to be re-profiled
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

22. Complements

23. Performance tests done March’17
Combined tests with LHC operation margin limits for beam screens, not as ideal as for initial acceptance tests with a dedicated test box
Preliminary !
Beam screens
Spec – As Built
S34
Others
1.9K [g/s]
- Results of these tests being analysed, and will be presented (TE_TM, LMC)
- Obviously some settings to be understood
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

24. HiLumi Cryogenic masterplan
HL_PSM Feb’17
Today
Ultimate fallback solution (to avoid “spoiling” 4-5 MCHF)
but with higher workload towards LS3!
Preparatory work (galleries + EL-CV)
On time to make a formal decision by this summer
Just-in-time for SPS-BA6, last studies for LHC-P4 before decision,
Some more time for us for LHC P1/P5, but interfaces required by others
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

25. HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update
Summary TCC#28-13Apr’17
As presented at Chamonix 2017:
For the upgrade of existing refrigerators at P4, a 1st feasibility study demonstrated the possibility. A 2nd study is being launched. Modification of the Cryogenic distribution line (QRL) will only be done on purpose when decision taken where to put new RF cavities (feasible as copy/paste of existing service modules)
Decision by this summer for work to be done at LS2
We are now more confident that the 2nd feasibility upgrade will provide a positive outcome before this summer (RF needs to be confirmed)
A bit of time left before the Go – NoGo limit for work to be done at LS2
LHC Run 3 does not need extra capacity at LHC-P4, and if really necessary we could install new cryoplant and cryolines at LS3, with resources to be re-profiled
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

26. Present LHC P4-RF distribution line
to RFs R4
RFs L4
RFs L4
RFs R4
Connection to QRL and distribution along the existing and “future” RF zone (+e-lens!) to be looked at for present baseline and alternative scenario
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update 26

27. Cryodistribution basic schematics (1/3)
QRL
Extension
QUI
Interconnection Box
400
Present LHC
Cham’17
Ref.
Ref.
QRL
Back-up
QUI
Interconnection Box
400
HiLumi Baseline
QUIF
Number ?
Position ?
Ph1
Ph2 ?
Ref.
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

28. Cryodistribution basic schematics (2/3)
QRL
Extension
QUI
Interconnection Box
400
Present LHC
Ref.
Ref.
QRL
HiLumi alternative
To be modified when required
400
400
400
400
To be added when required
Cryoplant to be upgraded to cope with all RF needs
Ref.
Ref.
QUI
Interconnection Box
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

29. Cryodistribution basic schematics (3/3)
QRL
Extension
QUI
Interconnection Box
400
Present LHC
Ref.
Ref.
Feasibility to be checked for smaller upgrade of 34
No modification of what works (cost, performance)
QRL
HiLumi alternative
Would allow to proceed when needs defined
To be added when required
400
400
400
400
To be added when required
Cryoplant with margin recovered from P5 (future dedicated cryoplant)
Cryoplant to be upgraded to cope with ½ RF needs
Ref.
Ref.
QUI
Interconnection Box
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

30. LHC-P4-RF main focus TE_TM Jan’17
Continued efforts to define the global cooling capacity needs to match the existing and future RF needs at P4 (incl possible e-lens)
Our aim: provide cooling capacity and distribution to match the needs with efficient solutions, not making it the weakest sector, avoiding unnecessary modifications (Cryo and others)
Feasibility study to be launched in Jan’17, tests of existing equipment foreseen in March’17
TE_TM Jan’17
No modification of what works (cost, performance)
QRL
HiLumi alternative
Would allow to proceed when needs defined
To be added when required
400
400
400
400
To be added when required
Cryoplant with margin recovered from P5 (future dedicated cryoplant)
Cryoplant to be upgraded to cope with RF needs
Ref.
Ref.
QUI
Interconnection Box
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

31. HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update
With our present heat-load model:
56 – 45
81 – 12 (45*)
67 – 34 (34*)
23 – 78
*: alternative 2
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

32. RF tests refrigeration concept
Simplified infrastructure w.r.t baseline
QSC
QUR
VB1
LHC-P4 during Long Shutdowns
QSV
GHe storage tanks
QSC
Warm compressor station
Surface
Shaft
Underground
Cold Box
QUR
VB1
LHC tunnel
VB2
RF1
RF2
RF3
RF4
Valves Box
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

33. Summary table Cryogenic Distribution Refrigeration
New 3kW Refrigerator
New lines
Ph1 for 400MHz
Ph2 others
Baseline
cost index ?!?
(11 MCHF)
Upgrade 45
(2.3kW for RF)
New line for 400MHz
The rest when needed
Alternative 1
Up. Ref._45
(9-10 MCHF)
(1.5kW for RF)
Alt. 1 optim.
(7-8 MCHF)
Upgrade 34 *
(2.3kW for RF)
As is for 400MHz
Alternative 2
Up. Ref._34
(5-6 MCHF)
AVAILABILITY
COST
FLEXIBILITY
* Feasibility to be checked
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

34. HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update
Summary TCC#20-03Nov’16
With cooling requirements for P4-RF between 1.5 to 2.5 an upgrade of one existing cryoplant and cryodistribution would be possible, with moderate cost savings while keeping open possibilities for future decisions
In the coming months, we will have a better picture of heat loads values (beam induced) on all sectors for HiLumi beams, but we will have to wait some years before we can identify the type of RF option that might be needed
For work to be done at LS2:
We could implement the baseline, but total capacity, and cryo- distribution interfaces to be defined …
Proceed with alternative 1 – Upgrade 45 (or it’s variant) together with redoing the distribution line for 400MHz cavities
Develop further alternative 2 – Upgrade 34, with no modification of existing cryo-distribution, unless a clear requirement is expressed
AVAILABILITY
COST
FLEXIBILITY
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

35. HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update
Cryo Configuration
Cryo-Configuration
Period
IP4
RF400
RF800
LSS
LSS
IP5
ARC+DS IT
760 K required for sector 4-5 for the RF cavities was not part of the refrigerator specifications. (Same for Sector 3-4)
2010 – 2012
Run 1
LHC
4 TeV
Run 2
6.5 TeV
Run 3
Ultimate
Run 4
HL-LHC
Nominal
Run 5
Refr. 4-5
LHC
LS1
LHC consolidation
2015 – 2018
LHC running almost at nominal conditions.
LS2
Extend TFL
2021 – 2023
Extended transfer line allows refrigeration of the RF cavities „left“ of IP4.
LS3
Dedicated Refr. P5
RF800MHz?
New dedicated refrigerator for the „long straight sections“ at IP5.
2026 – 2029
HL-LHC ? ?
LS4
HL-LHC consolidation
RF800MHz
All RF cavities combined require 2610 K. (including design coefficients)
2031 – 2033
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update 35

36. Baseline so far Cooling capacity:
- To align P4 on P6 (without RF loads)
Flexibility:
- For specific RF tuning needs (as part of the tentative to decouple the RF from Magnets following 2008 sector 34 incident, without specific requirement)
- In view of future “envisaged” sub-systems to be cooled at P4
Progress 1st semester 2014: solid integration studies
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update

37. Results of integration studies for Cryogenic baseline for LHC-P4
13Jul'17
HiLumi Cryogenics, P4-RF Update