1. Focus 5/9
Human rights violations have occurred numerous times throughout history. Some examples are the Bosnian Ethnic Cleansing, Apartheid in South Africa, and the Rape of Nanking. Many of these events have largely received little to no response from the United Nations. After the Holocaust in 1945, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was issued in an attempt to recognize basic human rights and punish those who violate these rights.

2. Global II Regents Review
Human Rights Violations
Rise and Fall of Soviet Union

3. Human Rights Violations
Tiananmen Square – students in China demand greater political freedom in late 1980s – Chinese Communist authorities crack down, many protestors are killed or wounded.

4. Human Rights Violations
Human rights are those basic political, economic, and societal rights to which all people are entitled.

5. Human Rights Violations
Rape of Nanking-
- Atrocities committed by Japanese soldiers against Chinese civilians during World War II in Chinese city of Nanking.

6. Human Rights Violations
Apartheid in South Africa
Apartheid is systematic segregation of black Africans in South Africa
Black majority is oppressed by White Minority
White President F.W. de Klerk fights to end apartheid
Nelson Mandela also fights to end apartheid

7. Human Rights Violations
Genocide in Rwanda
Hutu commit atrocities in Rwanda
Hutu majority murders and abuses members of minority Tutsis

8. Human Rights Violations
Cambodia
Pol Pot and Khmer Rouge, influenced by Marxist principles, begin the mass killing of fellow Cambodians who they see as educated
Pol Pot wants an Agrarian Society
Begins calendar at Year Zero

9. Human Rights Violations
Armenian Genocide
Occurs in Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Turks begin to exterminate Armenian Christians

10. Human Rights Violations
Kosovo – Bosnia
Serbian Christians led by Slobodan Milosevic practice Ethnic Cleansing by forcibly removing ethnic groups, especially Albanian Muslims, by brutatality and murder.

11. Human Rights Violations
Holocaust
- Hitler and the Nazi practice genocide against Jews in Germany and Eastern Europe

12. Rise and Fall of Soviet Union

13. Russian Revolution Long Term Causes of Russian Rev.
Czars resist change
Czars use brutal tactics
Peasant Unrest
Problems of Urban Workers

14. Russian Revolution Short Term Causes of Russian Revolution
Russia defeated in Russo-Japanese War
“Bloody Sunday”
Revolution of 1905
World War I

15. Russian Revolution Bolshevik Revolution
Lenin gains support by promising “land, peace, and bread”
Lenin takes over and creates totalitarian government based on Marxist principles

16. Russian Revolution
Lenin introduces New Economic Policy with elements of free market

17. Russian Revolution Joseph Stalin comes to power and starts Great Purge
Stalin turns Soviet Union into a Totalitarian State
Stalin’s Five Year Plans attempt to Industrialize Soviet Union

18. Soviet Union

19. Soviet Union Cold War Begins after World War II
Germany and Korea Divided
Soviets Expand influence throughout Eastern Europe – IRON CURTAIN!!!
Soviets and allies create Warsaw Pact
West creates NATO

20. Soviet Union Cold War Conflicts - Berlin Airlift
Soviets invade Hungary in 1956
Cuban Missile Crisis
Berlin Wall Built in 1961
Korean War
Vietnam War

21. Soviet Union
U.S. and Soviets go through a period of Détente or easing of tensions
U.S. and Soviets agree to eliminate a group of nuclear weapons

22. Soviet Union Afghanistan War – Soviets invade Afghanistan in 1979
War causes tension between Soviets and U.S.
War leads to low morale in Soviet Union

23. Soviet Union
1985 – Mikhail Gorbachev comes to power and introduces policies of perestroika and glasnost
Perestroika – government and economic reform
Glasnost openness

24. Soviet Union Ethnic minorities demand self-determination
Economy stagnates
Soviet Union collapses