1. Global 9 Review

2. Geography & Social Sciences

3. Geography & Social Sciences
Geography: 5 Themes (MR HELP)
Social sciences:
Geographer
Economist
Archaeologist
Sociologist
Psychologist
Anthropologist
Primary source: documents/things that come from history (examples: diary, a personal letter)

4. Early Man, the Neolithic Revolution, Early Civilizations

5. Early Man, The Neolithic Revolution, Early Civilizations
Archaeologists discovered human origins in the Great Rift Valley of Africa
Neolithic Revolution: shift from nomadic herding to settled farming
Civilizations developed
Job specialization
Agriculture
River valley civilizations
Mesopotamia (Fertile Crescent)
Egypt
Yellow River (China)
Indus River (India)

6. Belief Systems & Religions

7. Belief Systems & Religions
Christianity
Islam
Judaism
Buddhism
Hinduism
Caste system – strict social system
Shinto
Daoism
Confucianism
Legalism

8. Classical Civilizations

9. Classical Civilizations
Ancient Greece
Athens (direct democracy, liberal arts culture) and Sparta (warlike culture) were city states
Ancient Rome
Aqueducts, the Coliseum, 12 Tables (law system)
Byzantine Empire
Justinian Code

10. Golden Ages (Islamic, Asian)

11. Golden Ages (Islamic, Asian)
Islamic Golden Age
Libraries, astronomy, algebra
Tang and Song Dynasties
Gunpowder, porcelain
Han Dynasty
Civil service exams

12. Bantu Migration & Early African Civilizations

13. Bantu Migration & Early African Civilizations
Largest migration of people in history
Moved generally from North to South
Wanted access to better land for agriculture
Aksum
Ghana
Mali
Songhai
African kingdoms prospered due to gold and salt trade
“Mansa Musa was a Muslim from Mali who went to Mecca”

14. Mongol Conquests

15. Mongol Conquests Only foreign dynasty to ever rule China
Used horses with stirrups to easily overrun enemies – fierce warriors!
Genghis Khan and grandson Kublai Khan are most important rulers

16. European Middle Ages & Crusades

17. European Middle Ages & Crusades
Feudalism – strict social classes
Manorialism – economic system
Agriculture & land most important
“Age of Faith” – Roman Catholic Church central to people’s lives and very powerful
Crusades – Christians trying to take over Holy Land in Middle East from Muslims
“History’s most successful failures” – Christians did not achieve goal but CULTURAL DIFFUSION happened 

18. The Renaissance

19. The Renaissance
Happened in Italy because lots of trade and cultural diffusion (surrounded by water)
Rebirth of learning and culture (Greek and Roman)
Humanism – human achievement and potential
Lots of art!
Patrons supported artists

20. Protestant Reformation

21. Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther (Catholic monk) upset by corrupt Church
Posted 95 Theses outlining complaints
Church split into many branches
RC Church lost power
Counter Reformation: Catholic Church made reforms

22. Meso- and South American Civilizations

23. Meso- and South American Civilizations
Flourished before Europeans arrived
Mayas
Present day Mexico
Architecture, calendar, astronomy, religion, writing system
Incas
Present day Peru (South America)
Mountainous – built roads & bridges
Organized government
Aztecs
Capital city: Tenochtitlan
Floating gardens, organized government, architecture

24. Gunpowder Empires (Safavid, Ottoman, Mughal)

25. Gunpowder Empires: safavid, ottoman, mughal
Shi’ite Muslim dynasty in Persia from 16th-18th centuries
Cultural blending (cultural diffusion)
Golden Age
Ottoman
Central location spanning Europe, Africa, Asia (eastern Mediterranean)
Very diverse
Most important city: Constantinople (Istanbul)
Controlled trade between Europe and Asia
Suleiman the Magnificent (or the Lawgiver) most famous ruler – united empire under efficient government
Eventually fell apart in the 1900s.
Mughal
Present day India
Under ruler Akbar – Golden Age (arts, literature, cultural diffusion)
Taj Mahal built

26. Ming Dynasty

27. Ming Dynasty Powerful Chinese dynasty
Muslim admiral named Zheng He led 7 voyages exploring Southeast Asia & Africa
Isolationist foreign policy
Forbidden City = imperial palace

28. Japanese Feudalism

29. Japanese Feudalism
Strict class structure (like in European Middle Ages)
Emperor only a figurehead, real power lay with shogun
Samurai were warriors & protectors and practiced bushido

30. European Exploration & the Encounter

31. European Exploration & the Encounter
Europeans (Christopher Columbus was first) trying to find a water route to Asia for easier trade. Instead discovered that the Americas existed.
Spain built an empire in Americas with conquistadores (Cortes, Pizarro)
Many Native Americans died from labor & disease
African slave trade began (Middle Passage)
Triangular trade (Europe, Americas, Africa)
Columbian exchange = global trade network (plants, animals, disease)
Mercantilism = economic system, a country’s power depends on wealth, favorable balance of trade
Commercial Revolution – more trade, cities grew, rise of capitalism