1. Chapter 13: Urban Patterns
Activity within cities

2. Why Do Services Cluster Downtown?
Chapter 13: Urban Patterns Key Issue 1

3. Why do Services Cluster Downtown?
Central Business District (Downtown) Land Uses
Retail services
High threshold
Recently moved to suburbs (malls)
High range
Combine with tourism or recreational activities
Services for downtown workers
Goods for people shopping/working on lunch hours
Business services
Clustered in downtown areas
Ex. Lawyers try to get offices near capital & court offices
Central location for different levels of workers

4. Why do Services Cluster Downtown?
Competition for Land in CBDs
High land costs: scarce land = big $ (Tokyo ex.)
Intensive land use
Use land above and below the ground more
Utilities, parking, transportation are all found underground
Skyscrapers
Zoning influences height, location, etc.
Elevators & iron framing allowed for building up
“vertical geography”
Retail (ground), offices (mid), apartments (high)
Chunk of land the size of book page costs $1000.

5. Why do Services Cluster Downtown?
Activities limited in CBDs b/c of high rent & limited land
Industrial
Needs area to spread out factories, found in suburbs & business parks
Residential
Initially large but in the 20th Century population decreased with popularity of suburbs
Today increasing with refurbishing old offices & warehouses
CBDs Outside US
In Europe CBDs are not as commercial
More residential and public spaces
Chunk of land the size of book page costs $1000.