1. MLAB 2401: Clinical Chemistry Keri Brophy-Martinez
Disorders of the Adrenal Gland

2. Hypoaldosteronism Addison’s Disease
Cause: primary adrenal problem or ACTH deficiency
Symptoms: weakness, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss
Diagnosis: low baseline cortisol levels & ACTH > 200 pg/mL

3. Hypercortisolism
Caused by overproduction of CRH, ACTH, adrenal glucocorticoid secretion and exogenous intake
Conditions
Adrenal adenoma/carcinoma
Exogenous administration of cortisol
Cushing syndrome

4. Cushing’s Syndrome
Caused by excess glucocorticoid production or prolonged exogenous steroid use
Clinical features
Increased serum cortisol
Weight gain in face and abdomen
Buffalo hump back
Muscle wasting

5. Cushing’s Syndrome

6. Adrenal Medulla Disorders

7. Pheochromocytoma Benign tumor of adrenal medulla
Increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine

8. Neuroblastoma Malignant tumor found in children
Increases in epinephrine and norepinephrine and dopamine
Results
Increase in HVA and VMA urinary excretion