1. Animal Behavior
Chapter 34 /

2. What is a behavior? Any response to a stimulus (an external signal)
Examples of stimuli
Sounds
Smells
Sights (light vs dark)

3. Why do behaviors exist?
Most behaviors have some evolutionary history (the behavior aided survival)
Can you think of any examples of behaviors that might have helped our ancestors survive?

4. Two Types of Behavior
Innate – behavior you are born with, also called INSTINCTS
Learned – behavior that develops through experience

5. Some human instincts…. Grasping reflex Holding breath when submerged
Pupil dilation

6. Even very young babies can learn to swim

7. Learned Behaviors Habituation Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Insight Learning

8. HABITUATION When your body becomes accustomed to a stimulus.
Ex.:  Some animals respond to loud noises by hiding.  If the noises are repeated, the animal stops hiding.

9. Baby toys are designed to stimulate their brains
Baby toys are designed to stimulate their brains.  Babies learn by "trial and error"

11. Classical Conditioning
Pairing two stimuli together, response becomes the same
Pavlov's Dogs - ring a bell when  feeding dogs.  Eventually, the dogs would salivate when they heard the bell ring.

13. OPERANT CONDITIONING
Involves "training" a behavior using a reward or punishment system.
Examples:  Rat gets treat when it hits a lever
    Rat gets shocked when it climbs a structure
    Dog gets treat when it sits on command

14. The Skinner Box used to train rats

15. Insight Learning
Involves using the brain to develop solutions to problems never before encountered.
This is not "trial-and-error."  The animal (or human) must build on prior experiences to solve a problem
Have you ever noticed that a dog tied outside gets tangled in its leash, he can't figure out how to get untangled

16. What is the advantage of being helpful?

17. Imprinting
Many kinds of animals innately do not recognize members of its species.
Early in life they learn the distinction.
It is irreversible.

18. Internal and External Influences
Some animals undergo hibernation or estivation because of a weather change.

19. Dominance Hierarchies
Aggressive behavior in animals leads to dominant and submissive animals.
This an innate behavior

20. Chimp vs Human vs Dog

21. BEHAVIORAL CYCLES
*Animals respond to periodic changes in environment - daily or seasonal cycles
1.  Migration (movement during a season)
2.  Circadian rhythms  (sleep & wake)

22. Christmas Crab Migration

23. Sounds, visual displays or chemicals used to attract a mate
COURTSHIP
Sounds, visual displays or chemicals used to attract a mate

24. Bird of Paradise Dance

25. Bower Bird Courtship

26. Social Behavior
Animals live in a "society" that has its own rules and structure
- Chimpanzee troops
- Insect colonies
- Wolf/Dog Packs
- Human Societies

27. COMPETITION
Occurs between animals, usually for resources (space, water, food)
TERRITORY - space protected by an animal

28. AGGRESSION - threatening behavior
What queues does this dog give that does not want Cesar to approach?

29. COMMUNICATION - passing information,  can be visual, sounds or chemicals

30. LANGUAGE - using symbols to represent objects and even ideas
  * Only humans are capable of true language
Apes can learn symbols, but not abstract ideas, like...
Freedom, Love, Obsession, Courage, Morality