1. Basic Geography

2. What is geography?
Geography: the study of Earth’s surface and the processes that shape it, the connections between places, and the relationships between people and their environment

3. Compass Rose

4. Legend (key)

5. Map Scale

6. Map

7. The Continents Seven Continents: North America South America Europe
Asia
Oceania (Australia)
Africa
Antarctica

8. The Seven Continents

9. The Oceans 4 Oceans (sometimes 5) Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Arctic Ocean
(The Southern Ocean)

10. The Oceans

11. Types of Maps
Physical maps- they show physical features. Ex’s: mountains, hills, rivers, plains, lakes, oceans, etc.
Political maps- show countries, states, provinces, counties, towns, districts, cities.
Historical maps- show things like economic activity, migrations, battles, national boundaries.

12. Lines of Longitude
Longitude is a way to measure the east-west distance on Earth.
Imaginary lines that run north to south
Called "meridians.“
The Prime Meridian passes through the North Pole, the South Pole, and Greenwich, England.
It is measured from 0 longitude, also called the Prime Meridian.

13. Lines of Longitude

14. Lines of Latitude
Latitude- A way to measure the distance north or south of the Earth’s Equator.
Known as “parallels”
The Equator is at 0° latitude
The North Pole is at 90°N. The South Pole is at 90°S.

15. Tropics Tropic of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn-
Area between these two lines of latitude in the middle of the earth that is warm all year round

16. Lines of Latitude

17. The Hemispheres Northern Southern Eastern Western
Equator: line of latitude that separates the Northern and Southern hemispheres
Prime Meridian: line of longitude that separates the Eastern and Western hemispheres

18. The Hemispheres

19. Themes of Geography 1. Location
Absolute location- longitude & latitude coordinates are used
ex: Phoenix is 33* north latitude and 112* west longitude
Relative location- where an area is in relation to another area
ex: California lies on the west coast, next to the Pacific Ocean

20. Themes of Geography
2. Region- Dividing up sections of a continent, country, or even a neighborhood.
Regions have certain characteristics- political divisions, climate, language, or
religion
Examples?

21. Themes of Geography
3. Place- Physical and human factors that make one area different from another
Physical characteristics- physical setting, plants, animals, weather
Human characteristics- cultural diversity, language, the arts, and architecture
Ex: African Americans, Hispanics, Polish, and different Asian cultures live in Chicago

22. Themes of Geography
4. Movement-the moving of people, goods, and ideas from one place to another
5. Human-Environment Interaction: the way in which people interact with their environment.
Ex: cutting down a tree or building a “man made lake”