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The Reproductive System

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Presentation on theme: "The Reproductive System"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Reproductive System
PART 3 The Reproductive System

2 The Ovarian Cycle Follicular phase Days 1 – 13 of the ovarian cycle
6 – 12 primordial follicles stimulated to develop Growth stimulated by FSH from anterior pituitary Primordial follicle becomes a primary follicle Zona pellucida – glycoprotein coat surrounding oocyte Theca folliculi – internal layer secretes hormones Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3 Follicular phase (continued) Antrum forms
The Ovarian Cycle Follicular phase (continued) Antrum forms A fluid filled cavity between granulose cells Primary follicles become a secondary follicle Corona radiata – coat of granulosa cells surrounding oocyte Secondary follicle enlarges and becomes Visicular (Graafian) follicle – ready to be ovulated Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

4 The Ovarian Cycle Ovulation
Occurs about halfway through each ovarian cycle (Day 14) One mature oocyte exits from one ovary Enters peritoneal cavity Swept into uterine tube Sudden increase in LH is signal for ovulation PLAY Ovulation Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5 The Ovarian Cycle Luteal phase Occurs after ovulation – days 15 – 28
Remaining follicle becomes a corpus luteum Secretes progesterone Acts to prepare for implantation of an embryo If no implantation Corupus luteum dies and becomes a corpus albicans Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

6 Takes many years to complete
Oogenesis Takes many years to complete Primordial follicles are arrested (stalled) in meiosis I Surge of LH also causes primary oocyte to compete meiosis I Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7 Oogenesis produces only one ovum and three polar bodies
Polar bodies do not contribute to developing embryo Meiosis II is completed only is sperm penetration occurs Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

8 Oogenesis Figure 24.15 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

9 Receive ovulated oocyte Parts of the uterine tube
The Uterine Tubes Receive ovulated oocyte Parts of the uterine tube Infundibulum – distal end of uterine tube Surrounded by fimbriae Ampulla – middle third of uterine tube Usual site of fertilization Isthmus – medial third of uterine tube Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10 The Uterine Tubes Figure 24.12
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

11 Lies anterior to rectum – posterior to bladder
The Uterus Lies anterior to rectum – posterior to bladder Anteverted (anteflexed) usual position of uterus Parts of the uterus Fundus – rounded superior portion Cervix – “neck” of uterus Cervical canal – communicates with vagina inferiorly Internal os – opening connecting with uterine cavity External os – inferior opening of cervix Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

12 The Uterus PLAY Female Reproductive Anatomy Figure 24.11
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

13 The Uterine Wall Figure 24.18b
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

14 Series of cyclic phases of the endometrium
The Uterine Cycle Series of cyclic phases of the endometrium Phases coordinate with the ovarian cycle Endometrial phases directed by FSH and LH Phases of uterine cycle Menstrual phase – days 1 – 5 Stratum functionalis is shed Proliferative phase – days 6 – 14 Secretory phase – days 15 – 28 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

15 Series of cyclical changes to endometrium The phases of uterine cycle
The Uterine Cycle Series of cyclical changes to endometrium The phases of uterine cycle Menstrual phase (days 1– 5) Proliferative phase (days 6 – 14) Secretory phase (days 15 – 28) Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

16 Structural and hormonal changes
The Menstrual Cycle Structural and hormonal changes Figure 24.19a, c Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

17 The Menstrual Cycle Figure 24.19b, d
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

18 Consists of three coats
The Vagina Consists of three coats Adventitia – fibrous connective tissue Muscularis – smooth muscle Mucosa – marked by transverse folds Consists of lamina propria and stratified squamous epithelium Hymen – an incomplete diaphragm Fornix – recess formed at the superior part of the vagina Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

19 The Vagina Figure 24.12 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

20 The Vagina Figure 24.11 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings


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