1. Horizontal Alignment: Super Elevation 1/4/2018 Prof. S.K. Patil, www.skpatil.com 1 CV704 : Transportation Engineering

2. Recommended design speed 1/4/2018 Prof. S.K. Patil, www.skpatil.com 2 Design speed in KMPH as per IRC (ruling and minimum) TypePlainPlainRollingHillyHillySteep NS&SH100-8080-6550-4040-30 MDR80-6565-5040-3030-20 ODR65-5050-4030-2525-20 VR50-4040-3525-20

3. Horizontal Curve 1/4/2018 Prof. S.K. Patil, www.skpatil.com 3  Motion on horizontal curve imparts centrifugal force  CF is a reactive force acting outward on a vehicle negotiating it.  Centrifugal force depends on speed and radius of the horizontal curve  CF is counteracted to a certain extent by transverse friction between the tyre and pavement surface.  On a curved road, this force tends to cause the vehicle to slide outward from the centre of road curvature.  For proper design of the curve, an understanding of the forces acting on a vehicle taking a horizontal curve is necessary.

4. 1/4/2018 Prof. S.K. Patil, www.skpatil.com 4 centrifugal force (P) acting outward, weight of the vehicle (W in Kg) acting downward, reaction of the ground on the wheels (Ra and Rb). The centrifugal force and the weight is assumed to be from the center of gravity which is at h units above the ground. wheel base be assumed as b meters.