1. Management Consultancy Services u/s-144 of Companies Act 2013
By Akshit Bhatia Parshotam & Associates
Akshit Bhatia - Parshotam & Associates

2. Management Consultancy
Management Consulting involves helping a business institution enhance their performance, by analyzing the current problems and creating a strategy for development. Organizations may require the services of management consultants for varied reasons.
Akshit Bhatia | Parshotam & Associates
Akshit Bhatia - Parshotam & Associates

3. The Integrated Management Consultancy approach tackles all aspects of the Companies running, i.e., thorough planning, account outsourcing, practicality, transactional services and compliance outsourcing.
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4. Services not to be rendered by the auditor
Section 144 provides that an auditor shall provide to the company only such services those are approved by the Board of Directors or the audit committee, as the case may be but shall not include the following services rendered “directly or indirectly” to the company or its holding company or subsidiary company, namely:—
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5. accounting and book keeping services internal audit
design and implementation of any financial information system
actuarial services
investment advisory services
investment banking services
rendering of outsourced financial services
management services
services as may be prescribed
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6. Disqualification of Auditor u/s 141 of companies act 2013
Section 144(h) has restricted the statutory auditors to provide “management services” but has not explained the meaning and scope of this expression even till date.
Any person acting as Statutory auditor of the company rendering services under section 144 read with section 141(3)(i) shall vacate his office under section 141(4) and that vacancy will be treated as a casual vacancy under section 139(8).
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7. Time allowed to leave the restricted services by the auditors
It may be noted that an auditor or the audit firm who or which has been performing any non audit services on or before the commencement of this act shall comply with the provision of this section before the closure of the financial year after the date of such commencement.
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8. Relatives under section 2(77)
Relatives under section 2(77) of companies act 2013 includes:-
Father: Provided that the term “Father” includes step-father.
Son’s wife.
Brother: Provided that the term “Brother” includes the step-brother;
Mother: Provided that the term “Mother” includes the step-mother.
Daughter
Sister: Provided that the term “Sister” includes the step-sister.
Son: Provided that the term “Son” includes the step-son
Daughter’s Husband
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9. Example
Mr. X, a practicing CA is appointed as a ‘Tax Consultant’ of ABC Ltd in which his father is a Managing Director. Solution- A CA appointed as an auditor of a company, should ensure the independence in respect of his appointment. In this case Mr. X is a Tax Consultant and not a Statutory Auditor or Tax Auditor of ABC Ltd, hence he is not subject to the above requirements.
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10. Regulatory framework
Guidance Note on independence states that the auditor should be straight-forward, honest and sincere in his approach to his professional work.
It further states that auditor should be independent in its objectivity. Further there are some threats to independency of auditor are stated by this framework.
Lets see if auditor provides any services other than audit, how these threats may occur.
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11. Types of Threats to Independence of auditor
Self Interest Threats
Self Review Threats
Advocacy Threats
Familiarity Threats
Intimidation Threats
Types of Threats to Independence of auditor
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12. Threats
Self Interest Threat occurs when an auditing firm could benefit from a financial interest in an audit client, thus if auditing firm also provides any kind of management consultancy work, self interest could occur in following forms:
Direct Financial Interest
Loan or guarantee to or from the concerned client
Concerns about losing the engagement
Close business relationship with the client
Contingent fees for the engagement
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13. Self Review Threats occurs when work is performed or assisted by the person, who has the responsibility to review the same work. One of the instances where such threat come into play is : when auditors perform services that are themselves subject matters of audit.
Thus if auditor provides any type of management consultancy service it exposes the Self review threat
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14. Advocacy Threats are those threats which occur when the auditor promotes, or is perceived to promote, a client’s opinion to a point where people may believe that objectivity is getting compromised, e.g. when an auditor deals with shares or securities of the audited company, or becomes the client’s advocate in litigation and third party disputes, thus management consultancy if any provided by auditor exposes this threat.
Akshit Bhatia | Parshotam & Associates

15. Familiarity threats are self-evident, and occur when auditors form relationships with the client where they end up being too sympathetic to the client’s interests.
Akshit Bhatia | Parshotam & Associates

16. Intimidation threats, which occur when auditors are deterred from acting objectively with an adequate degree of professional skepticism. It can occur if other services are also provided by the auditor and thus auditor may skip the review of controls applied by auditor in capacity of consultant.
Akshit Bhatia | Parshotam & Associates

17. Why Management Consultancy?
CA Firms Engage in Audit
Natural area of development of a public accountant
Provide extremely useful services to business managers
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18. Why a chartered accountant for management consultancy services?
A CA is equipped with conceptual & practical knowledge of various subjects like Accounts, Finance, Taxation, Costing, Industry, Business & Company Laws, Capital Market, International Market & Laws, IT.
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19. Management Consultancy Shall not include
tax representation or advice concerning tax matters
acting as liquidator, trustee, executer, administrator , arbitrator or receiver
function of statutory or periodical audit
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20. Mgt Consultancy shall include
Working capital management & Inventory management
Preparation of project reports and feasibility studies
Management accounting systems, cost control and value analysis
Marketing research and Demand Studies
Personal recruitments and selection
Budgeting & Price Fixation
Financial Management planning and Capital structure Planning
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21. Legislative Intent
The Management services should be defined as services such as valuation, due diligence, special audit which could have bearing impact on the audit services may be prohibited.
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22. Punishment for non-compliance
Any contravention under this section by the auditor than he shall be punishable with fine of not less than 25 thousand rupees which may extend to 5 lakh rupees.
Any willful default by the auditor then he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which extend to one year and fine which shall not be less than one lakh and
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23. which may extend to 25 lakh rupees.
Any default under section 147
Refund the remuneration
Pay for any damages
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24. Conclusion
Management services means any services as may be provided in relation to the management or administration of the company.
Simply giving options/ setting out alternatives, without making a recommendation should be permitted as long as these recommendations/ options do not relate to any decisions pertaining to the way the business of auditee company is being run and does not constitute management consulting.
It seems that financial due diligence and tax services does not fall within the scope of prohibited services to the extent these are not management services.
The Act prohibits investment advisory and investment banking services but there is no prohibition for valuation services. However, if the valuation is for giving opinion on whether or not to invest in the company, to acquire the company, it may fall within management services.
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25. THANK YOU
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