1. Thermophilic spore-forming spoilage organisms

2. Organisms and their D-values
Public health concern; Clostridium botulinum and perfringens, Bacillus cereus; D100C ~ 7-30 min
Mesophilic aerobes; several Bacillus species including subtilis, licheniformis, megaterium, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris; D100C ~ min
Thermophilic aerobes; Bacillus coagulans Geobacillus stearothermophilus; D100C ~ min
Mesophilic anaerobes; C. tyrobutyricum, butyricum, and sporogenes; D100C ~ very small (C.t and C.b) up to min (C.s)
Thermophilic anaerobes; Desulfotomaculum nigrificans and C. thermosaccharolyticum; D100C ~ min

3. Endospores
Great site to learn more:

4. Characteristics of endospores
Business end:
Low moisture
Proteins protecting DNA
DNA repair enzymes
Endospore stain

6. Alicyclobacillus Spore forming, gram negative, acidophilic
Also grows down to pH 2.5
Heat resistant (D95C ~ 2.6 min)
Found throughout juice production environment
Produces guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol)
Medicine, smoky, hammy, disinfectant-like

7. Code of Federal Regulations = CFRs