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Published byElwin Wilkerson Modified over 6 years ago
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Charles Beitz: Political Theory and International Relations
1949-
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Notice assumption of all we’ve seen:
A focus on domestic states
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Rawls’ focus: Domestic society, as a system of fair cooperation.
Focus on preserving justice (as fairness) in domestic societies, so that cooperation can persist over time.
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But, says Beitz: Remember the claim that we should not be penalized by factors that are “arbitrary from a moral point of view.”
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What about where we are born?
Is where we are born arbitrary from a moral point of view? It seems like it should be: if we’re committed to equality and liberty, why stop at state boundaries?
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Comparing domestic and global
Actually, though, aren’t there significant distinctions between global and domestic environment? (no shared decision-making authority, no enforcement mechanism, no police force, etc.)
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Comparing domestic and global
Beitz says: Global interdependence is sufficient to say that the global system of states is a “system of cooperation”, which should be regulated on “fair terms.” (p. 154) Therefore, Rawls’ conditions apply at the global level.
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Rawls’ principles of justice go global:
Let’s do the OP and the VoI at the global level!
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Natural resources: Whether a state has access to natural resources is a matter of luck, i.e., it is arbitrary from a moral point of view.
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Resources are like talents:
If we should redistribute the results of talents (as Rawls says), we should redistribute the results of resources (says Beitz). You must believe: talents are as integral to individuals as resources are to states.
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The DP translated to the global level:
We get a global distribution principle.
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Specific challenge 1: 1. Absence of international sense of community
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Specific challenge 2: 2. Rights of sovereign states
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Specific challenge 3: 3. Absence of coercive mechanisms – assurance problem Or the problem of ideal versus non-ideal theory.
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