1. Affective Disorders

2. Emotional States and The Limbic System
…recommended (summer) reading: Evil Genes by Barbara Oakley

3. The Amygdala

4. Classes of Affective Disorders and Diverse Brain Dysfunction
Anxiety
phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder
Neuropathology: limbic system
Psychosis
schizophrenia, multiple personality disorder
Neurobiology: dopaminergic system
Depression
post-partum, manic-depressive
Neurobiology: serotoninergic and noadrenergic systems

5. Anxiety hyper-alert, resistant to change, context-dependent
Hippocampus
Amygdala
HPA
Cortisol

6. Depression
hypo-alert, ahedonia

7. Manic-Depressive (Bipolar)
waxes and wanes across months/years, stress is normally a trigger
Robert Schumann’s productivity

8. Really? A chemical salt to treat bipolar disorder?
Lithium
can replace Na++ as a generator of action potentials
centrally decreases norephinephrine release and enhances serotonin synthesis
efficacious in humans and in mice (see work of CA McClung [PubMed])

9. Schizophrenia
severely out-of-touch with reality, delusions of grandeur, auditory and visual hallucinations, and highly hereditable

10. Neurobiology of Schizophrenia
Hyperactivity in several brain areas
Enlarged lateral ventricles
Increased Dopaminergic Tonus (Euphoria)