1. Studies on Heavy Scintillating Glasses
Zhang Yuepin
Ningbo University
School of Information Science and Engineering
Research Institute of Photonic Materials
Tianchi Zhao
University of Washigton
This work is partially supported by IHEP (Beijing) and IHEP participated GdO glass evaluation

2. Scintillating glasses for HEP in the past
Scintillating glass: SCG1-C with modest density was developed
in early 1980’s by Ohara Optical Glass Company in Japan
Major components:
BaO 44% and SiO2 42% with 1.5% Ce2O3
Density 3.5 g/cm3 is too low for our purpose
It is easy to fabricated into large blocks
SCG1-C was used in several HEP experiments as EM
calorimeter material
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3. Why dense scintillating glasses are difficulty?
Materials that can form glasses all have low density
SiO2，B2O3,，P2O5 ， GeO2，As2O3 etc.
These materials have strong valance bond
When cooled down quickly from melting state can form
glass matrix that is transparent to light
Single crystal SiO2
Regular reparative lattice
Silica SiO2
Deformed lattice
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4. Adding heavy metal oxide molecules
Silica SiO2
Deformed lattice
Strong bridge bonds are broken
Adding heavy metal oxide molecules
Good transparency because large gap between valance and conduction bands
Introduction of weak bonds makes the material easy to break and absorb light

5. Pr2O3 doped scintillating glass
based on BiB3O6 and Bi4Si3O12
East University of Science and Technology
Chinese patent: CN , 2008
Density as high as 7 g/cm3
Emission spectrum: 488nm，530nm, 610nm, 647nm 
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6. Our program of identifying dense scintillating Rare earth oxide doping
glasses for HHC
High density ingredients include:
BiB3O6, Bi4Si3O12, PbF2, TeO2, Gd2O3, BiO, PbO
Rare earth oxide doping
Density: 4 – 7 g/cc
We propose to replace the structure of metal and plastic scintilaltor plates by scintillating glass blocks that glued together to form homogeneous modules.
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7. Status Various small samples were made and test:
Optic property measurements
UV excitation measurements
X-ray irradiation measurements
Some samples show promising fluorescence
We propose to replace the structure of metal and plastic scintilaltor plates by scintillating glass blocks that glued together to form homogeneous modules.
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