1. Taxonomy: The Science of Classification
Why is a frog classified as an animal?
Why is it considered an amphibian?

2. Aristotle – 400 BC 1. Plants - Herbs/shrubs/trees
2. Animals - Land/fish/birds

3. Scientist Year Accomplishment
Aristotle
384 BC-322 BC
Animals grouped according to where they lived…land, sea, air
Theophrastus
371 BC-287 BC
Classified plants; size and kind of stems: herbs, shrubs, trees
John Ray
First to use term species
Carolus Linnaeus
Developed the classification system we use today
Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
Established the major subdivisions of the plant kingdom
Georges Leoplod Cuvier
Established major phyla for the animal kingdom
Ernst Haeckel
Introduced the monera (bacteria) kingdom
Herbert F. Copeland
Reclassified all microorganisms; placed all nucleated in kingdom protista
Robert H. Whitaker
Founded the 5 kingdom system; fungi a kingdom

4. Linnaeus Classification System
Carolus Linnaeus (1758)- a
Swedish botanist who laid the
framework for the classification
system we use today
Linnaeus divided organisms
into taxa, which are divisions
with subdivisions
Taxonomy- process of identifying and classifying
Taxonomist- scientists who study relationships between organisms and classify them

5. Linnaen Taxonomy 1. Artificial classification system
Eight levels- Broad to Specific
Only kingdoms during his time were Plantae and Animalia
Domain
separates kingdoms
Kingdom
groups of phyla
Phylum
groups of classes
Class
related orders
Order
related families
Family
genera that share characteristics
Genus
species grouped together and considered to be very closely related
Species
a group of organisms that can reproduce together to produce fertile offspring

6. Using the Classification System
1. Each group can be divided
2. Each group has characteristics that the
levels under it share.
Phylum Chordata
Amphibia
Reptilia
Mammalia

7. Domain is the newest level of taxonomy. Largest of the groups.
A. Domain Archaea
B. Domain Bacteria
C. Domain Eukarya (Eukaryota)

11. Six-Kingdom System Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae
Animalia
Formerly combined as kingdom Monera

12. 6 Kingdom System
Archaebacteria
Prokaryotic, unicellular, autotrophic and/or heterotrophic, cell walls
Salt-loving microbes, heat-loving microbes, “extremophiles”
Eubacteria
Bacteria, blue-green algae
Protista
Eukaryotic, unicellular, autotrophic and/or heterotrophic, cell walls
Amoeba, euglena, paramecium, algae, seaweed
Fungi
Eukaryotic, unicellular and multicellular, heterotrophic, cell walls
Mushroom, puffball, mold
Plantae
Eukaryotic, multicellular, form true tissues, autotrophic, cell walls
Trees, roses, corn
Animalia
Eukaryotic, multicellular, form true tissues, heterotrophic, no cell walls
Earthworm, fruit fly, elephant

13. Scientific Names Reasons for Scientific Names
1. Different uses of common names
2. Differences in languages
German – ein hund
French – un chien
English – a dog
Spanish – un perro
Canis familiaris - dog
Canis latrans - coyote
Felis cattus - domestic cat
Felis concolor - mountain lion
Ursus arctos - grizzly bear

14. Binomial Nomenclature- formal system for naming species scientifically using two names: Genus-species
Latin
Dead language, won’t change
Descriptive
Universally accepted by biologists
Correct form:
italicize the genus and species when typing and underline both when handwriting
Homo sapiens

15. Scientific Names Activity Use the internet to search for the following common and scientific names.
Lightning bug (Firefly)
Black widow spider
Percula Clown fish
Emperor penguin
Killer Bee (Africanized Honey Bee)
Mozartella beethoveni
Paraxerus lucifer
Polemistus chewbacca
Eucritta melanolimnetes
Ursus maritimus

17. Example: long-finned pilot whale
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum/Division: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Cetacea
Family: Delphinidae
Genus: Globicephala
Species: melas
Scientific name: Globicephala melas

18. Key to the Phylum Vertebrata
Fins present…………………………………………....2
Fins absent……………………………………………..4
Jawless………………………………………………….Agnatha
Has jaws………………………………………………..3
Has a cartilage skeleton as adult………………………Chondrichthyes
Has a bony skeleton as adult………………………..…Pisces
Cold-blooded…………………………………………....5
Warm-blooded…………………………………………..6
Skin naked; no claws………………………..…………..Amphibia
Skin with scales; may have claws……………………….Reptilia
Skin with feathers, no mammary glands……………….Aves
Skin has hair, mammary glands present………………..Mammalia

19. Create and Classify your own Animal Organism!
See assignment on CANVAS

20. Kingdom Posters Choose 1 of the 6 Kingdoms
Poster must include: Kingdom name, cell type, type of nutrition, cell organization (unicellular, multicellular), unique features, examples, pictures
You may work with a partner
The more information, the better!
I will laminate and hang up the best posters!