1. Critical pulmonary stenosis
Critical pulmonary stenosis. Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrates a well-developed pulmonary valve that does not appear to open (A). Color Doppler demonstrates a narrow jet of pulmonary insufficiency (B, see arrow), indicating that the pulmonary valve is critically obstructed rather than atretic. The flow distal to the pulmonary valve represents not flow crossing the valve but rather ductal flow toward the valve (red) and reversal of that flow toward the branch pulmonary arteries (blue). Abbreviations: PA, pulmonary artery; RV, right ventricle.
Source: Approach to the Cyanotic Infant, Neonatal Cardiology, 3e
Citation: Artman M, Mahony L, Teitel DF. Neonatal Cardiology, 3e; 2017 Available at: Accessed: January 07, 2018
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