1. ‘‘ WIRELESS SENSER NETWORK ’’A
PRESENTATION ON
‘‘ WIRELESS SENSER NETWORK ’’

2. Introduction To Wireless Sensor Networks
OUTLINE
Introduction
Sensor Node
Communication Network topologies
Applications of sensor networks
Factors influencing sensor network design
Conclusion

3. DEFINITION
A wireless sensor network is a collection of nodes organized into a cooperative network. Each node consists of processing capability may contain multiple types of memory have an RF transceiver, have a power source (e.g., batteries and solar cells), and accommodate various sensors.

4. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs):
Highly distributed networks of small, lightweight wireless nodes,
Deployed in large numbers,
Monitors the environment or system by measuring physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity.
Node:
sensing + processing + communication

5. SENSOR NODE
Sensors
Processor
Radio
Storage P O W E R
WSN device schematics
Networks of typically small, battery-powered, wireless devices.
On-board processing,
Communication, and
Sensing capabilities. In addition to one or more sensors, each node in a sensor network is typically equipped with a radio transceiver or other wireless communications device, a small microcontroller, and an energy source, usually a battery.

6. SENSER NODES

7. SENSER NETWORK Mote Antenna
Interface electronics, radio and microcontroller
Soil moisture probe
Mote
Antenna
Server
Sensor field
Communications barrier
Gateway
Internet

8. SENSER NETWORK
Server
Watershed
Sensor field
Gateway
Internet

9. COMMUNICATION NETWORK
A communication network is composed of nodes, each of which has computing power and can transmit and receive messages over communication links, wireless or cabled.
A single network may consist of several interconnected subnets of different topologies.

10. BASIC NETWORK TOPOLIGES
Star Topology
Ring Topology
Bus Topology
Tree Topology
Fully Connected Networks
Mesh Networks

11. All nodes of the star topology are connected to a single hub node
All nodes of the star topology are connected to a single hub node. The hub requires greater message handling, routing, And decision-making capabilities than the other nodes. If a communication link is cut, it only affects one node. However, if the hub is incapacitated the network is destroyed.
STAR TOPO LOGY

12. RING TOPO LOGY
In the ring topology all nodes perform the same function and there is no leader node. Messages generally travel around the ring in a single direction.
However, if the ring is cut, all communication is lost.

13. BUS TOPOLOGY
In the bus topology, messages are broadcast on the bus to all nodes. Each node checks the destination address in the message header, and processes the messages addressed to it.

14. TREE TOPOLOGY
In Tree Topology there will be a root node and the root node has two branches. Each branch may again contains branches and so on.

15. FULLY CONNECTED NETWORK
In a fully connected Network when additional node are added, the number of links increases exponentially.

16. MESH NETWORK
Mesh networks are regularly distributed networks that generally allow transmission only to a node’s nearest neighbors. The nodes in these networks are generally identical.
Mesh nets can be good models for large-scale networks of wireless sensors that are distributed over a geographic region.

17. APPLICATION OF SENSER NETWORK

18. APPLICATION OF SENSER NETWORK
Military applications
Monitoring friendly forces, equipment and ammunition
Reconnaissance of opposing forces and terrain
Battlefield surveillance
Battle damage assessment
Nuclear, biological and chemical attack detection
Environmental applications
Forest fire detection
Biocomplexity mapping of the environment
Flood detection
Precision agriculture
Health applications
Tele-monitoring of human physiological data
Tracking and monitoring patients and doctors inside a hospital
Drug administration in hospitals

19. FACTORS INFLUECING SENSER NETWORK DESIGN
Fault Tolerance
Scalability
Hardware Constrains
Sensor Network Topology
Environment
Transmission Media
Power Consumption

20. Fault tolerance Scalability Production costs
Fault tolerance is the ability to sustain sensor network functionalities without any interruption due to sensor node failures.The fault tolerance level depends on the application of the sensor networks.
Scalability
Scalability measures the density of the sensor nodes.
Density = = (R) =(N R2)/A R – Radio Transmission Range
Production costs
The cost of a single node is very important to justify the overall cost of the networks.
The cost of a sensor node is a very challenging issue given the amount of functionalities with a price of much less than a dollar.

21. H A R D W E
CONSTRAINTS

22. Transmission media Power Consumption
In a multihop sensor network, communicating nodes are linked by a wireless medium. To enable global operation, the chosen transmission medium must be available worldwide.
Radio
infrared
optical media
Power Consumption
Sensing
Communication
Data processing

23. Sensor network topology
Pre-deployment and deployment phase
Post-deployment phase
Re-deployment of additional nodes phase
Environment
Busy intersections
Interior of a large machinery
Bottom of an ocean
Surface of an ocean during a tornado
Biologically or chemically contaminated field
Battlefield beyond the enemy lines
Home or a large building
Large warehouse
Animals
Fast moving vehicles
Drain or river moving with current.

24. A P P L I C A T I O N S MIT d'Arbeloff Lab – The ring sensor
Monitors the physiological status of the wearer and transmits the information to the medical professional over the Internet
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Nose-on-a-chip is a MEMS-based sensor
It can detect 400 species of gases and transmit a signal indicating the level to a central control station

25. I BUTTON A 16 mm computer chip armored in a stainless steel can.
Up-to-date information can travel with a person or object.
Types of i-Button
Memory Button
Java Powered Cryptographic iButton
Thermochron iButton

26. I BUTTON APPLICATION Caregivers Assistance
Do not need to keep a bunch of keys. Only one iButton will do the work
Elder Assistance
They do not need to enter all their personal information again and again. Only one touch of iButton is sufficient
They can enter their ATM card information and PIN with iButton
Vending Machine Operation Assistance

27. I BADGE- UCLA Investigate behavior of children/patient Features:
Speech recording / replaying
Position detection
Direction detection / estimation(compass)
Weather data: Temperature, Humidity, Pressure, Light

28. CONCLUSION Sensor node Network topologies
Applications of sensor networks
Factors influencing sensor network design

29. Q U E R Y

30. THANKS TO
ALL OF
YOU
Presented By:- KAVITA LEGHA
ECE, VIIIth Sem

31. Q U E R Y