1. Happy Birthday, BURA! Wishing you a long and full life
Alma Swan
Key Perspectives Ltd
Truro, UK

2. It may be, but if nobody has read it, the quality doesn’t matter.”
“It is no good just writing a paper that is likely to be thought excellent by anyone who reads it.
It may be, but if nobody has read it, the quality doesn’t matter.”
Professor Richard Barnett
Vice Chancellor, University of Ulster, UK

3. ‘Old’ paradigms
Using proxy measures of an individual scientist’s merit
It is a journal’s responsibility to disseminate your work
Printed article is the format of record
Other scientists have time to find out what you want them to know
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4. ‘New’ paradigms
Rich, deep, broad metrics for measuring the contributions of individual scientists
Effective dissemination of your work is now in your hands (at last)
The digital format will be the format of record (is already in many areas)
Unless you routinely publish in Nature or Science, ‘getting it out there’ is up to you
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5. What Open Access is about
Give-away literature
Freely available
Publicly available
Permanently available
Online, via the WWW
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6. What Open Access is not about
NOT vanity publishing or self-publishing
NOT about non-peer-reviewed literature
NOT about publications that scientists expect to be paid for (e.g. books)
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7. Why we should have Open Access
Greater impact from scientific endeavour
More rapid and more efficient progress of science
Better assessment, better monitoring, better management of science
Novel information-creation using new and advanced technologies
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8. A much better term to use would have been
‘Open Access’?
A much better term to use would have been
Open Dissemination
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9. Why researchers publish their work
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10. “It is one of the noblest duties of a university to advance knowledge, and to diffuse it not merely among those who can attend the daily lectures — but far and wide."
Daniel Coit Gilman
First President, Johns Hopkins University
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11. Two ways to provide Open Access
Publish in an Open Access journal (
Deposit copies of published articles in an Open Access repository (‘self-archiving’)
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12. Open Access repositories
c1000 worldwide
Open source software (e.g. EPrints from Southampton University)
Interoperable (interlinked)
Form a global database of freely-accessible research
Use a global indexing tool
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13. Why an institutional repository?
Fulfils a university’s mission to engender, encourage and disseminate scholarly work
Enables a university to compile a complete record of its intellectual effort
Forms a permanent record of all digital output from an institution
Enables standardised online CVs for all researchers (e.g. RAE exercise)
‘Marketing’ tool for universities
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14. Open Access increases research impact
Range = 50%-200%
(Courtesy Stevan Harnad and co-workers)
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15. An author’s own testimony on open access visibility
“Self-archiving in the PhilSci Archive has given instant world-wide visibility to my work. As a result, I was invited to submit papers to refereed international conferences/journals and got them accepted.”
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16. Lost citations, lost impact: what this means for Brunel
2004
2005
2006
Articles
466
583
621
Citations
2506
1865
838
Average cites/article
5.38
3.20
1.35
h-index value 21 10
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17. What could have been …
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18. And for individual scholars….
Diamond, A M (1986) What is a citation worth? J. Human Resources 21, 200 (
Marginal value of one citation is USD (depending on field and number of citations: an increase from 0 to 1 citation is worth more than from citations)
Update for inflation (170%) = USD (say, $1000)
Convert to sterling = £460
Now let’s look at one Brunel author’s situation….
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19. Rodgers, G J
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20. Geoff Rodgers 71 articles, 464 citations
Could have been 50% higher (or more) = 696 citations
‘Lost’ citations = 232
Each citation is worth £460
Value of lost impact = £106,720
Conservatively!!!
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21. The U.Southampton conundrum…
The G-Factor (universitymetrics.com)
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22. Key Perspectives Ltd

23. Why is Southampton so strong?
Strong research base
TBL et al
Mandatory deposit of research output in ECS repository for 4 years (c11K items)
University repository actively managed and now to have mandatory deposit
All = strong web presence
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24. Usage stories UoC’s eScholarship repository logged 3 million downloads
2 years - 0.5m
1 year – 1m
Next 9 months – 2m
10K records at end 2005
University of Otago Business School
Launched mid-November
20K downloads by mid-February
For 220 documents
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26. Key Perspectives Ltd

27. Monthly downloads
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28. Daily download pattern
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29. Who is downloading
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30. Who is referring
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31. What search terms they are using
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32. Measure usage and impact (Citebase)
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33. Navigation and analysis of science output: Citebase
Find researchers
Measure citations to articles (not journals)
Follow the citations through the literature
Measure downloads (and predict citations)
Use citation patterns to analyse science
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34. Publisher permissions (by journal)
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35. Publisher permissions
92% of journals permit self-archiving
SHERPA/RoMEO list at:
Or at:
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36. Key Perspectives Ltd

37. Key Perspectives Ltd

38. “Just funding the research is a job only part done
“Just funding the research is a job only part done. A fundamental part of [our] mission is to ensure the widest possible dissemination and unrestricted access to that research.”
Robert Terry
Senior Policy Advisor, Wellcome Trust
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39. (Australian data courtesy of Arthur Sale)
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40. (Australian data courtesy of Arthur Sale)
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41. (Australian data courtesy of Arthur Sale)
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42. Author readiness to comply with a mandate5%
81%
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43. Other drivers for Open Access
Data sharing stipulations
E-science
Interdisciplinary research
Scientometrics
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44. Thank you for listening
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