1. By Don Esker
NEW APPLICATIONS FOR MEDIUM AND SMALL SCALE 3D PHOTOGRAMMETRY IN VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY

2. Review of Bonebed Cartography
String Grid Cartography
CAD Systems
GIS Systems
LIDAR

3. Review of Bonebed Cartography
Photogrammetry
Excellent accuracy
Excellent 3D data representation
Time consuming data analysis

4. Photogrammetry Equipment
Digital Camera
> 10 megapixel
Rugged
Remote shooting capability
Canon G-10
14.7 megapixel

5. Photogrammetry Equipment
Overhead Rig
Crane cam
Camera-on-a-stick

6. Photogrammetry Equipment
Photographic Scales
Large
Vivid
Textured
Numerous

7. Photogrammetry Equipment
Computers
Good processing power
Dual core processor at 2.94 GHz per core
Large memory
Minimum of 6 GB
Powerful video card
512 MB of on-board memory
Ample disk space
2 GB per section
Gaming machines
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia

8. Photogrammetry Equipment
Photogrammetry Software
ADAM
≈ $30,000.00
Photosynth
≈ Free + staff time
Geosynth
≈ $10,000.00
AGISoft
≈ $ / $3,500.00

9. Photogrammetry Equipment
Processing software
MeshLab
Free
MadEdit

10. Photogrammetry Procedures
Clean area
Dust
Eliminate moving objects

11. Photogrammetry Procedures
Place scales
Multiple orientations
Height scales

12. Photogrammetry Procedures
Taking pictures
Bright lighting
No flash
2/3 overlap
Limit number of pictures

13. Photogrammetry Procedures
Build point-cloud
Remove faulty photographs
Crop to area under study
Wait 3-4 hours

14. Photogrammetry Procedures
Build surface
Check for ‘point sprays’
Check for major distortion
Crop to desired volume
Wait 6-8 hours

15. Photogrammetry Procedures
Build texture
Select an appropriate resolution
Wait hours

16. Photogrammetry Procedures
Export formats
WRL
For use in MadEdit
For use in MeshLab
STL
For use in rapid prototyping / CAD
PDF
For general distribution

17. Photogrammetry Procedures
Correct scale
Measure in AGI or MeshLab
Check for major distortion
Select scales to be measured
Use Excel to find correction factor
X and Y should be the same
Z will be slightly different
Use MadEdit to correct for errors
Repeat

18. East End Complete

19. Macrophotogrammetry

20. Microphotogrammetry

21. Photogrammetry Uses Remote Paleontology Site Evolution
Sites that are far away
Sites that are ephemeral
Site Evolution
Monitor excavation
Monitor site damage
Stereolithography
Easier examination
Reconstructions
Exhibits

22. The Near Future: Photogrammetry of the Past?
Photogrammetry Requirements
Computers / software
Appropriate images
Usable Imagery
Photographs taken for the purpose
Existing site photography
Existing film of the site
Historical Photogrammetry
3D mapping of the past

23. Acknowledgements AGI Team MeshLab Team MadEdit Team Mammoth Site Staff
Dr. Larry Agenbroad
Justin Wilkins
Photogrammetry Pioneers
Neffra Matthews
Brent Breithaupt
Mike Leite
Rod Horrocks
Donald E. Esker Jr.

24. FIN
Any questions?
Image Courtesy of Zooborns.com