1. Clauses and Types of Sentences 1st 9 Weeks

2. Sentences vs. sentence fragments
A sentence fragment is a part of a sentence. It may be missing the subject or the predicate. You must add the missing part in order to have a complete sentence. (fragment) Went to the beach to go surfing. (add a subject) Bethany and her friends went to the beach to go surfing. (fragment) Bethany Hamilton and her family. (add a predicate) Bethany Hamilton and her family surf everyday.

3. Clauses
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. 2 Types- Independent- expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence- Example- “The water was crystal clear and calm”(Hamilton 3).

4. Clauses continued
Dependent- does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence-
Example- “While I got ready…”(Hamilton 7).
Most begin with subordinating conjunctions.

5. Commonly used subordinating conjunctions…
After because though while Although before unless As even though until As if if when As long as since whenever As soon as so that where As though than wherever

6. FANBOYS
Coordinating Conjunctions- F_____________ A_____________ N_____________ B_____________ O_____________ Y______________ S______________

7. Simple Sentence
Contains 1 independent clause and no dependent clauses-
Example- “Halloween in Hawaii is a little bit complicated”(Hamilton 7).
___________=complete subject
( )= complete predicate
*Bethany Hamilton (lives in Hawaii.)
*She( loves to surf.)
*Bethany (was bitten by a shark.)

8. Compound Sentences
Contain 2 or more independent clauses and no dependent clauses.
* There are 2 ways to join independent clauses to make a compound sentence-
Comma and a coordinating conjunction
(, and) *remember FANBOYS or
2. semicolon ;

9. Compound Sentences continued
Example- “Nobody has shoes in their closet; they are all out on the front porch”(Hamilton 9). Example- “Our car may be junky, but at least the stereo works well”(Hamilton 10). Bethany surfs almost everyday; the family even surfs on Christmas Day! Friends and family members hosted a benefit to help Bethany’s family financially, and many celebrities showed up to help with the cause. Bethany decided to use her tragic accident for good, so she tells people about her faith in God.

10. Flipbook directions…
Make a flipbook in order to demonstrate your understanding of types of clauses and types of sentences. Your book will consist of 5 sections.
1. conjunctions- coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions
2. simple sentences-describe/2 examples
3. compound sentences-describe/2 examples
4. complex sentences-describe/2 examples
5. compound-complex sentences-describe/2 examples

11. Directions continued…
Include the type and number of clauses for each kind of sentence.
Include punctuation and conjunctions needed to create each kind of sentence.
Include 2 example sentences. (Your sentences should be from the novel Soul Surfer by Bethany Hamilton.)
Be sure to cite the sentences that you use from the novel. “____________________” (Hamilton____).

12. Pre-AP directions…
Design a graphic organizer or flipbook in order to show your understanding of clauses and sentences types.
Your organizer should be neatly constructed/drawn and contain the following information:
2 types of clauses with examples
4 types of sentences-describe each one along with any conjunctions or punctuation needed
2 examples for each type of sentence from the novel-be sure to cite your examples

13. Complex Sentences
Contains 1 independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.
Most dependent clauses are introduced by subordinating conjunctions.
Example “ While I go ready, the rest of my family was waking up, too”(Hamilton 7).
Example-While Bethany was in the hospital, she received many gifts and flowers.

14. Complex continued
“When I ask him, he says it was more like destiny took him by the hand and led him to the waves”(Hamilton 21).
2. While Bethany was still in the water, her friends talked to her to keep her calm.
3. Timmy missed a lot of school because Bethany was in the hospital.

15. Punctuation in complex sentences
Notice that when the dependent clause comes at the beginning of the sentence it is followed by a comma.
While Bethany was in the hospital, she played a joke on the nurse with a fake foot.
Since so many reporters were at her house, Bethany and her family had to leave home.
When Bethany was on TV, she was often nervous and scared.

16. Compound-complex sentences
Compound-complex = 2 or more independent clauses and 1 or more dependent clauses
Example Sentences-
Since Bethany’s family are also surfers, they surf with her daily, and they encourage her at the surf competitions.
When Bethany was attacked by the shark, she thought she would never surf again, and she even talked about studying underwater photography.