1. Earth's Dimensions II

2. Mapping Fields
Fields – Any region of _________ or the ____________ that has some measurable value of a given quantity at every point.
Examples: ???
space
environment

4. Temperature

5. Sea level

6. Magnetic anomalies

7. Gravity

8. These field values can be mapped so that they can be easily read.

9. Isolines – Lines that connect points of _____________ field values on a map.
equal

10. Types of Isolines
____________ - connect points of equal temperature.
____________ - connect points of equal air pressure.
____________ - connect points of equal elevation.
____________ - connect points of equal water depth.
isotherms
isobars
contours
isobaths

11. Types of Isolines
Every point on an isoline has exactly the same value.
Isolines can never cross one another.
Isolines always close to form an irregular circle, but sometimes part of an isoline extends beyond the mapped area, so that you cannot see the entire circle formed.
Each consecutive isoline increases by the same amount (contour interval).
Adjacent lines typically increase or decrease in value, however under special circumstances adjacent lines may have the same value.

12. Draw isolines with an interval of 5oC. Starting at 60oC
Where is the heat source in the above map?
What are the names of the isolines in the above map?

13. What is the highest elevation on this map?
What are the names of the isolines in the above map?

14. Gradients – The rate of change from place to place within a field map.
Calculations
The gradient can be calculated in two ways:
Gradients can be estimated by observing the closeness of the isolines. The closer together the isolines, the greater the gradient.
Gradients can be calculated using the following formula (pg. 1 of your E.S.R.T.)

15. 24oC - 20oC
Gradient =
6km
Gradient =
.67oC/km

19. Topographic Maps
Display _____________ (expressed using contour lines) rivers, buildings and roads.
Elevations are based off of ___________________ (m.s.l.) being set at 0.
A. Contour lines
Connect points ______________ elevations
Equal elevation
Mean sea level
of equal

20. The shape of the contour lines reflects the shape of the land.

21. ________ lines inform you of elevation and are usually bold
Index

22. 1. Contour Intervals
The _____________ in elevation between one contour line and another (often expressed, if not it must be calculated)
difference

23. __________ is the term used to express the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points of area being mapped
2. Determining Slopes of Areas
When isolines are close together, the area is __________
Relief
steep

25. 3. Rules for determining the Direction of River Flow
Examine the changes in Elevation- water flows from regions of ________ elevation to ________ elevation
high
low

26. Contour lines form “V’s” when they encounter a river
Contour lines form “V’s” when they encounter a river. The “V” always points upstream (Law of the the V’s)
With few exceptions, all rivers eventually flow into the _________
ocean

27. 4. Finding Maximum and Minimum Elevations
The maximum elevation on the map is one unit less than the next highest contour line drawn on the map.

34. 760
740
760
780
780
760