1. GEOG 1300b Physical Geography
Your TA: Michael Allen

2. Introductions Michael Allen: Tell me: First year M.Sc. student.
I study urban/surface climates with Dr. James Voogt
I graduated from the University of Portland in the U.S. in May.
Tell me:
Your name
Your favorite London restaurant/bar.

3. Lab Policies
You: Labs are due at the beginning of the following lab section
-10% if turned in after the start
-10% penalty per day if you turn it in late.
Taken off the base score
Me: Send in your marks within 72hrs.
Powerpoints are downloadable from: allenclimatelab.org

4. SSC 1413 11am to Noon My office is Office Hour(s): Thursday

5. Topographic Maps
Show changes in elevation using contour lines

6. Topographic Maps Legend (on back) Adjoining Maps Map Scale/
Contour Interval

7. Map Scales
Ratio scale: the ratio of the distance on the map to the distance in the real world.
1 “unit” on the map = 100,000 “units” on the ground

8. Q2: Reading Lat/Long Coordinates
Latitude/Longitude shown as alternating Black/White Lines
33’
32’
43° 32’ 30” N, 80° 26’ 25” W
In each minute’ there are 60 seconds” – so halfway in between two minutes (or lines on the map) is 30”. Locations can be rounded to nearest 10”.
31’
29’
28’
27’
26’

9. Example: On your map Answer: Burr Q2: Reading Lat/Long Coordinates
Latitude/Longitude shown as alternating Black/White Lines
Example: On your map
What is at 43° 7’ 20” N, 81° 19’ 50” W?
Answer: Burr

10. Q5: Reading UTM Coordinates
UTM Coordinates show as blue lines around the map
This is the same as your map (Look at the bottom left).
E (easting) is used to identify the horizontal coordinate, N (northing) for vertical. All answers can be rounded to 100m.
Remember that on this map: the Northing UTM coordinate is preceded by a 47, the Easting coordinate is preceded by a 4.
Blue lines are drawn every 1km

11. Q5: Reading UTM Coordinates
UTM Coordinates show as blue lines around the map
Example: On your map
What is at E, N?
Again, each UTM “box is 1 kilometer by 1 kilometer.
This should get you through question 7. Call me around if you’re having trouble.
Answer: Campground

12. Q8: Azimuths and Compass Bearings

13. 45° azimuth = N 45° E bearing 123° 25’ azimuth = S 56° 35’ E bearing
Q8/14: Azimuths and Compass Bearings
45° azimuth =
N 45° E bearing
123° 25’ azimuth =
S 56° 35’ E bearing

14. Q9/10: Vertical Exaggeration
See the ed “Exercise #1 information” sheet
Vertical scale is the actual elevation given by each measured cm on paper. So if each measured cm represents 12m of elevation, the vertical scale is 1cm/1200cm. You already found the horizontal scale: 1/50000.

15. Q11: Converting Lat/Long minutes to decimal
Divide minutes (26’) by 60.
For question 11 you will be finding distance based on measures of latitude/longitude. For that you will have to convert coordinates in minutes to decimals.
47.(26/60)°  47.43°

16. Q11: Distance based on Lat/Long Coordinates
This shows the distance represented by 1° of latitude. Use this and the coordinates to find the distances in question 11. Note that due to the curvature of the earth, the distance between degrees of longitude varies significantly based on latitude.

17. Q11: Antipodes
The antipode of any spot on earth is the point on earth’s surface that is diametrically opposed to it.
Two points that are antipodal to each other are connected by a straight line running through the centre of the Earth.
The antipode of any place on earth is the point on earth’s surface that is diametrically opposed to it – if you were to drill straight down you would emerge in that spot.
See how this works here

18. Q11: Calculating antipodes
x° N/S, y° E/W
x° S/N
(180-y°) W/E
50° N, 65° 15’ E
50° S
114° 45’ W
For latitude, the angle is the same with different orientation.
For longitude, the angle is replaced by its supplementary angle with different orientation.

19. Q12: Time Zones