1. Presidents of the Republic of Texas
9/14/ :41 AM
Presidents of the Republic of Texas
A New Nation
Chapters 12 & 14
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The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

2. Presidents of the Republic
Name of President
(in order)
Year Elected
Vice President
Capital
Ad Interim: David G. Burnet
 appointed
Lorenzo de Zavala
Columbia
1. Sam Houston
1836 
 Mirabeau B. Lamar
Houston 2. 3. 4.

3. Sam Houston Annexation
Favored annexation
Campaign promise to bring TX into the United States.
Houston sent William H. Wharton & Memucan Hunt to Washington, D.C. to work for diplomatic recognition and annexation
U.S. would not consider annexation and hesitated to offer recognition
Did not want to anger Mexico
Northerners did not want to admit a state
that allowed slavery
March 3, 1837: U.S. recognizes the Republic of Texas
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

4. Sam Houston Education leave blank 9/14/2018 10:41 AM
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

5. Sam Houston Military • No money to pay or equip the military
• Felix Huston, commander of the army who wanted to invade Mexico and many late-arriving volunteers from the U.S. backed him.
• Houston placed all but 600 soldiers on leave and never recalled them to active duty.
• Houston used the Texas Rangers to keep peace along the frontier.
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

6. Sam Houston Native Americans
• Sympathetic to Native Americans
supported peaceful solution (Houston had lived with the Cherokee Indians and his Indian name was “the Raven”)
Republic could not afford an Indian war
• Negotiated treaty with Cherokees; Senate refused to ratify
• Cherokee Chief Bowles (aka Duwali) tried to help Texans achieve peace
• Cynthia Ann Parker, a young girl, captured by Comanches in 1836
• Texans build forts and encourage trade with Indians to reduce conflict and to protect Texans on the plains.
Why did some Texans oppose Houston’s peaceful American Indian policy?
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

7. Cynthia Ann Parker

8. Sam Houston Finances
9/14/ :41 AM
Texas was $1.25 million in debt when S. Houston took office
Government printed paper money, but it had no silver or gold to back it up
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

9. Sam Houston Other
9/14/ :41 AM
James Pinckney Henderson was sent to Europe to work for recognition and to make treaties.
According to the Constitution of 1836, a President could not serve two consecutive terms.
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

10. Presidents of the Republic
Name of President
(in order)
Year Elected
Vice President
Capital
Ad Interim: David G. Burnet
 appointed
Lorenzo de Zavala
Columbia
1. Sam Houston
1836 
 Mirabeau B. Lamar
Houston
2. Mirabeau B. Lamar
 1838
 David G. Burnet
 Austin 3. 4.

11. Mirabeau B. Lamar Annexation
Opposed annexation
Tried to convince Mexico to recognize the independence of Texas with:
Santa Fe Expedition
Texas Navy
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

12. Mirabeau B. Lamar Education
Known as the Father of Texas Education
Convinced Congress to pass an act to set aside:
17,712 acres of land in each county to support public schools
231,400 acres of land for the future establishment of two public universities
The first private college in TX was Rutersville College
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

13. Mirabeau B. Lamar Military
• Used army to fight the Native Americans
• Sent Texas Navy to Yucatan coast; rebels fighting Mexico agreed to pay $8,000 a month for the use of the Texas navy
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

15. Mirabeau B. Lamar Military
• Santa Fe Expedition:
TX claimed ½ of New Mexico; people of this area stayed loyal to Mexico
Lamar also wanted access to
the valuable trade moving
along the Santa Fe Trail
Expedition a failure
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

16. Council House Fight

17. Mirabeau B. Lamar Native Americans
• Did not believe that Native Americans had a right to live in TX
• Battle of Neches: killed 100 Cherokees including Chief Bowles
• Sent John H. Moore to attack Comanches
• Council House Fight: meeting in San Antonio to exchange prisoners and discuss peace
Penateka Comanches brought their Anglo prisoners but Texans expected all prisoners held by all Comanche tribes
Matilda Lockhart (next slide)
Fighting breaks out
35 Comanches killed including 12 chiefs, 3 women, & 2 children
7 Texans died
destroyed chance of peace
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

18. Matilda Lockhart
Matilda Lockhart was the 1 captive brought to San Antonio.
Mary Ann Maverick, who witnessed the event and helped dress the girl after she was returned, later recounted that Matilda had been badly tortured and was utterly degraded, and could not hold up her head again. Her head, arms, and face were full of bruises, and sores, and her nose actually burnt off to the bone—all the fleshy end gone, and a great scab formed on the end of the bone.

19. Mirabeau B. Lamar Native Americans
Comanches attack Victoria and Linnville (and kill Texan prisoners)
Texas Rangers sent after Comanches and resulted in Battle of Plum Creek (more than 130 Comanches killed)
Lamar sends John H. Moore and army to attack Comanches on Colorado River; Comanches move further west
Lamar opened up land for Texas settlers
American Indians lost much of their land and many killed
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

20. Battle of Plum Creek

21. Mirabeau B. Lamar Finances
Congress passed homestead law
Purchased 6 new ships for the TX Navy
Spent $2.5 million fighting the Indians
Issued redbacks ($1 equal to about 15¢)
Debt rises to $8 million
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

22. Why were some Texans unhappy with the location of Austin?
Mirabeau B. Lamar Other
9/14/ :41 AM
Moved TX capital from Houston to a village named Waterloo; renamed Austin in honor of SFA
Why were some Texans unhappy with the location of Austin?
© 2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries.
The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.

23. Foreign Relations Why Important How Successful
to validate Texas independence
to gain foreign support for Texas
could lead to foreign loans and trade
could lead to U.S. annexation
How Successful
United States: recognized Texas in 1837; no annexation
Europe: recognized by France in 1839; followed by Belgium, Great Britain, and the Netherlands
Mexico: refused recognition

24. In your interactive notebook:
In your interactive notebook:
Write a 4-5 sentence short explanation on the whether you think Texas could thrive as an independent nation.
-Do we have the resources?
-Could we defend ourselves?
-Do we have the right leaders?
-Allies?
-Enemies?