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Vocabulary Important Words Headings
ORGANIC CHEMIS Vocabulary Important Words Headings
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What is organic chemistry?
The study of all compounds containing the element CARBON Natural elements: make up 96% of the mass of a human: CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN (C,H,O,N) Trace elements: only needed in small amounts, called “minerals”
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What is a macromolecule?
A giant molecule made up of 100’s or 1000’s or smaller units called MONOMERS Monomers link together to form large POLYMERS formed by polymerization
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The types of Macromolecules:
CARBOHYDRATES TEXT P. 45 NUCLEIC ACIDS TEXT P. 47 LIPIDS TEXT P. 46 PROTEINS TEXT P. 47
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CARBOHYDRATES Made up of C,H,O Used as main source of energy (2 types)
Sugars: quick source of energy Ex: glucose, lactose, fructose, sucrose Monosaccharide-simple sugar, not decomposable to simpler sugars (fructose, ribose, deoxyribose, glucose) Disaccharide-any of a class of sugars (sucrose, lactose) that comes from the combo of two monosaccharide molecules Polysaccharide- two or more molecules of monosaccharides: one of the more complex carbohydrates (cellulose, starch, or glycogen)
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CARBS CONTINUED… 2. Starches: many sugars linked together
source of energy BUT breaks down slower Used by plants for energy storage Ex: potatoes, pasta, bread, grains Starch Glucose
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LIPIDS Made up mainly of C & H
Used to store energy, insulation & protection Insoluble in water Saturated: has maximum number of H bonds usually solid at room temperature Unsaturated: at least one double bond causes “kinks”/bends = makes close packing much more difficult usually liquid
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PROTEINS Made up of N,C,H,O
Made up of groups called: amino acids--(20 in nature) proteins have a large variety of sizes & shapes If the shape changes→ it becomes a new protein Ex: when you boil an egg, the protein changes color, shape Found in muscles & cell membrane (lipid bilayer)
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Proteins being made by DNA
Proteins being made by DNA Amino acids attach to the other end of our translators to form a chain. This chain is now a protein, and can be used by the body.
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Nucleic Acids Made up of H,O,N,C & P
Store and transmit genetic information Made up of nucleotides Two types: DNA & RNA
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