1. Early Civilizations in Asia
The Indus River Valley
And
China

2. The Indus River Valley Civilization
Ancient India

3. Environmental Challenges
Flooding
Monsoons
Mountains as barriers from invasion
Indus River a link to the sea

4. Rivers of the Subcontinent
Indus River
Ganges River
Indus-Ganges Plain
(stretches 1,500 miles across northern India.)

5. Monsoons Seasonal Winds
Winter monsoons blow dry air from October to May.
Spring monsoons blow from the southwest starting in June bringing moisture from the ocean.
Monsoons

6. Cities The largest cities were Kalibangan, Mohenjo-Daro, and Harappa.
Cities were laid out on a precise grid system.
The citadel (fortified area) contained the major buildings of the city.

7. Cities Residential areas Buildings made of uniform bricks
Sophisticated plumbing and sewage
Cities

8. Culture/Trade Artifacts Religion Economics Clay and Wooden Toys
Early Shiva artifacts,
Fertility images, Worship of cattle
Stamp/Seals made of carved stone were used to identify goods.
Long distance trade

9. Pictures

10. The End of Indus Valley Culture
No one is sure what happened to this early culture.
No floods to provide water, overfarming, natural disaster, attack from enemies…???

11. River Dynasties in China

12. Geography China has many natural barriers Pacific Ocean
Taklimakan Desert
Plateau of Tibet
Himalaya Mountains
Gobi Desert
Mongolian Plateau.

13. Huang He in the North (Yellow River)
Major Rivers
Huang He in the North (Yellow River)
Yangtze in the central area of China

14. The Gobi Desert and the Yangtze River

15. Flooding (Huang He/ “China’s Sorrow”
Challenges
Flooding (Huang He/ “China’s Sorrow”
Geographic isolation
Invasions

16. Shang Dynasty Anyang capital Massive earth walls for protection
Elaborate palaces
Tombs

17. Shang Dynasty

18. Social Classes
King
Nobles
Peasants

19. Family and Society Family was very important.
The most important virtue was respect for one’s parents.
Fathers made decisions; mothers were inferior.
Marriages were arranged between the ages of 13 and 16. Women hoped to have sons to improve their station in life.

20. Religious Beliefs
The spirits of family ancestors could bring good things or misfortunes.
Every family member paid respect/sacrificed to the ancestors.
Oracle Bones (animal bones or turtoise shells that priests scratched questions for the gods)

21. Writing Began with Oracle Bones.
There were no links with China’s written and spoken language.
Written language helped unify a large and diverse land.
Enormous amount of characters—a different one for each idea—1,000 characters to be literate, 10,000 to be a scholar!

22. Artistry and Technology
Bronzeworking- used in religious rituals or as symbols of power
Silk Production- silk shoes were a symbol of civilization
Weapons, jewelry, and religious items…

24. Zhou Overthrows Shang
Declared that the Shang were such bad rulers that the gods had taken over away their rule
Justification came from the Mandate of Heaven

25. Divine approval for a ruler and dynasty
Mandate of Heaven
Divine approval for a ruler and dynasty

26. Dynastic Cycles The rise, decline, and replacement of a dynasty
Example: The Zhou overthrew the Shang

27. Nobles are granted land in exchange for loyalty and military service
Feudalism
Zhou Dynasty used this method to control different regions of the land

28. Iron (daggers, swords, knives, blades)
Zhou Improvements
Coined money
Roads
Canals
Iron (daggers, swords, knives, blades)

29. Rise and Fall of Chinese Empires
Qin Shihuangdi and the Qin Dynasty—
Terra Cotta Soldiers
The Great Wall of China
Centralized Government
Legalism

30. The Han Dynasty Confucianism took the place of harsh Legalism
Civil Service
Han Wudi
Water mills and iron casting
Rudder, rigging to sail into the wind
Confucian Classics
The Han Dynasty