1. While reviewing the PowerPoint use the outline for Addiction
Follow the PowerPoint with the outline
When bubbles come up it means it is increasing
When bubbles come down it means it is decreasing – EX: Endorphins bubbles go up and then later bubbles go down (increasing and then decreasing)
There are 3 forms of treatment, you may google either AA or Moderation Management for more information
Medical information is in the outline

2. ADDICTION
A DISORDER IN WHICH THE AFFECTED PERSON LOSES CONTROL OVER HIS OR HER INTAKE OF A PARTICULAR SUBSTANCE AND DEMONSTRATES PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE AND PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE ON THE SUBSTANCE

3. PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE: PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE:
CRAVING
COMPULSIVE DRUG-SEEKING BEHAVIOR
UNABLE TO NOT THINK ABOUT THE DRUG
PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE:
ALTERED PHYSIOLOGY IN THE ABSENCE OF THE DRUG
CHARACTERIZED BY WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS

4. Hedonic Homeostatic Dysregulation Model
Alterations in the reward pathway
Mesolimbic pathway – brain stem to the limbic system
Addiction is a downward spiraling process that proceeds from an initial failure in self-regulation to a large scale breakdown in self-regulation

5. 1. PREOCCUPATION-ANTICIPATION STAGE
3. WITHDRAWAL-NEGATIVE
AFFECT STAGE
2. BINGE-INTOXICATION STAGE

6. PREOCCUPATION-ANTICIPATION STAGE
ADDICT IS PREOCCUPIED WITH OBTAINING THE DRUG AND CONTSTANTLY ANTICIPATES ITS INGESTION

7. PREOCCUPATION-ANTICIPATION STAGE
STRESS HORMONES
IN RESPONSE TO MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS
ENDORPHINS
DOPAMINE

8. BINGE-INTOXICATION STAGE
the addict ingests the drug in an uncontrolled manner and relishes the effects of the drug

9. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
BINGE-INTOXICATION STAGE
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
ENDORPHINS
DOPAMINE

10. WITHDRAWAL-NEGATIVE AFFECT STAGE
abstaining from the drug result in feeling miserable and engaging in negative affect (a really, really bad mood)

11. WITHDRAWAL-NEGATIVE AFFECT STAGE
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
STRESS HORMONES
ENDORPHINS AND DOPAMINE

12. TOLERANCE SENSITIZATION A DECREASE IN EFFECT AFTER REPEATED USE
AN INCREASE IN EFFECT AFTER REPEATED USE

13. WHAT AA DOES: WHAT AA DOES NOT DO: 1. SHARE EXPERIENCES
2. TWELVE STEPS
3. SPEAKERS
4. DISCUSSIONS
5. STEP MEETINGS
WHAT AA DOES NOT DO:
1. SOLICIT MEMBERS
2. INITIATE RECOVERY
3. KEEP RECORDS
4. OFFER RELIGION
5. PROVIDE NECESSITIES
6. COUNSELING
7. ACCEPT MONEY
8. INTERVENE IN COURT

14. BEHAVIORAL CHANGE PROGRAM
EMPOWERING INDIVIDUALS TO CHANGE THEIR BEHAVIOR
IF YOU CHANGE THE RESPONSE TO THE CYCLE THEN YOUR BODY WILL ADJUST AND ALSO CHANGE ITS RESPONSE TO THE CYCLE.
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION – REINFORCEMENT AND PUNISHMENT
TAKE PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY
HELP OTHER PEOPLE
SELF-ESTEEM AND SELF-MANAGEMENT
RESPECT AND DIGNITY

16. GLUTAMATE cAMP CAN ALTER GENE EXPRESSION AND NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE
INCREASE IN RECEPTORS IN THE VENTRAL TEGMENTAL AREA - THE REWARD CENTER OF THE BRAIN
SOME GENES WILL FAIL TO PRODUCE NECESSARY PROTEINS
CAN EXPLAIN SENSITIZATION
INCREASE IN CRAVING
INCREASE IN DRUG-SEEKING
CAN EXPLAIN INCREASE IN STRESS HORMONES
INCREASE IN DRUG-SEEKING
CAN EXPLAIN INCREASE IN INTOLERABLE SYMPTOMS
INCREASE IN DRUG-SEEKING

17. RELIEVING PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
MEDICAL TREATMENT
MOST TREATMENTS, INCLUDING AA AND MM, TREAT ONLY THE PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE – TRYING TO CONTROL THE WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS – ESSENTIALLY BREAKING THE CYCLE SO THAT IT DOES NOT FEEL BAD
RELIEVING PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE
USE DRUGS THAT INCREASE DOPAMINE FUNCTION
2. USE DRUGS THAT INCREASE SEROTONIN OR ENDORPHIN ACTIVITY
3. ANTI-ANXIETY MEDICATION – INCREASE GABA ACTIVITY
4. GLUTAMATE ANTAGONISTS – DECREASE THE EFFECT OF GLUTAMATE

18. Pros and Cons CONS PROS Alcoholics Anonymous Moderation Management
Symptom Substitution
Still using Drug
Change Drugs
Alcoholics Anonymous
Moderation Management
Medical Model
PROS
Addicts get sober
Addicts control their behavior
Addicts change psychological dependence