1. 4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources
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4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources
What are renewable and nonrenewable resources ?
Renewable and Nonrenewable resources
Renewable resources can be replenished over fairly short spans of time, such as a human lifetime.
-Ex: flowing water wind, sun, and trees for lumber and paper
Nonrenewable resources take millions of years to form and accumulate.
- Ex: Coal, oil, natural gas, iron, copper, gold, and Uranium

2. 4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources
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4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources
Fossil
Fuels
Anticlines are common oil traps
Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons that may be used as fuel, including coal, oil, and natural gas.

3. 4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources
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4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources
Tar Sands: mixture of clay, sand, and water, with black tar called bitumen.
Oil Shale: rock that contains hydrocarbons called kerogen.
Fuels derived from tar sand and oils shales could become good substitutes for dwindling petroleum supplies.
Tar Sands and Oil Shale

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Sedimentary Rocks 3.3
Some of the most important mineral deposits form through igneous processes and from hydrothermal solutions.
- Ore is a useful metallic mineral that can be mined at a profit.
Formation of Mineral Deposits
Mineral-Rich hot water seeps into Rock Fractures

5. 4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources
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4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources
Nonmetallic mineral resources are extracted and processed either for the nonmetallic elements they contain or for their physical and chemical properties.
Non Metallic Mineral Resources

6. Uses of Nonmetallic Minerals