1. Stress-Strain Curves for Different Biomineral Composites
Stress: response to uniaxial loading
Strain: change in size and/or shape in response to stress

2. The Stiffness of Bone is Strongly Dependent on its Mineral Content
Higher mineralization levels also means greater brittleness, therefore, the maximum amount of energy absorbed in long bones occurs at modest levels of mineralization (higher mineralization rates are observed in tympanic bones)

3. Time Dependence of Interfacial Bond Strengths in Bone
Bond strengths change as a function of time due to changes in interfacial area with time and progressive mineralization of interfacial tissues, both of which can affect the elastic modulus & shear strength of the bonded area

4. Diagram of Mechanical Interlocking Between Bonding Agent and Hard Tissue Implant
BONE or DENTIN
methyl methylacrylate
methyl cyanoacrylate
Apparently smooth surfaces are pitted & rough at the microscopic level, which increases the bonded surface area
Chemical etching of the hard tissue (e.g., 35-40% H3PO4) is often done to increase surface irregularities prior to bonding of a hard tissue implant

5. Evolution of Hip Prosthesis Designs

6. Section Through Femer At Site of Hip Prosthesis Showing Mechanical Interlocking into Cancellous Bone
w/o organic matrix 17
0.04
0.006

7. Changes in Bone Structural Strength with Fixation Plate Rigidity
introduction of a load-bearing implant coupled to a previously load-bearing structure leads to atrophy--bone mass near an implant decreases with time due to tissue remodeling